گياه پالايي، دست آوردي سبز براي پالايش سياهي

Phytoremediation: A green achievement for purgation of darkness

اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻨﺂوري ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ از ﺧﺎك آﻟﻮده ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﺮﺧﻼف ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت آﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك، ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺎزي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي آﻧﻬﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﺴـﯿﺎري از ﻓﻦ آوري هاي راﯾـﺞ، ﭘﺮﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ و ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي ﺧﺎك ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، اﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘـﺎﻻﯾﯽ يك روش ﻣﻘـﺮون ﺑـﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ، ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدي زﯾﺒﺎ و دل اﻧﮕﯿﺰ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺳـﺖ. ﺑـﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ، ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ، ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺗﺠﺎري در دﺳﺘﺮس در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺑـﻮدن، ﻓﺮاﻫﻤﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺧﺎك ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴـﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻠﺰ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳـﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺑﻌﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار زﯾﺎدي زﯾﺘـﻮده در ﻃـﻮل اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد، دﻓﻊ زﯾﺘﻮده ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دارد. ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎ زﯾﺘـﻮده ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﺮدن ﻋﺒﻮر آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ اﻧﺮژي ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ روش اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑـﺮاي اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﮐﺸـﻮرﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ روش ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

This review focused on phytoremediation technology status with particular emphasis on plant extraction of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Unlike organic compounds, heavy metals are not biodegradable and treatment usually is done by separating them. Many current technologies, costly and limiting soil fertility, therefore, this action would cause negative effects on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, aesthetically pleasing approach is suitable for developing countries. Despite this potential, phytoremediation, technology is commercially available in Iran. This article is about mobility, bioavailability and plant response to the presence of heavy metals in soil. Classify plants according to the mechanism of plant extracts is done. Various techniques has been discussed to enhance plant extraction and subsequent use of phytoremediation. Since a large amount of biomass produced during the process of purification plants, disposal of biomass also requires proper management. Plants with high biomass contaminants through the food chain are elected to limit the non-edible, resistant to disease and able to provide renewable energy. Therefore, herbal extracts for use in the current situation of our country will be better than other methods.