عنوان به زبان ديگر :
The effect of drought stress and zeolite application on physiological traits, and anti-oxidant enzymes activity, and qualitative and quantitative performance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes
پديد آورندگان :
لطفي فر، اميد دانشگاه پيام نور تهران - گروه علوم كشاورزي , متقي، ليلا دانشگاه تهران - پرديس ابوريحان , شيراني راد، اميرحسين سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي كرج - موسسه تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر , متقي، سمانه دانشگاه پيام نور تهران - گروه علوم كشاورزي
كليدواژه :
تنش خشكي , پراكسيداز , پرولين , كاتالاز و مالون دي آلدئيد
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴـﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و روﻏﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﻠﺰا در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ-اﺳـﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘـﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر ﮐﺮج اﺟـﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ (آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 40، 60 و 80 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ، ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ) و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ در دو ﺳـﻄﺢ (ﺻـﻔﺮ و 10 ﺗـﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر زﺋﻮﻟﯿـﺖ) ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾـﻞ در ﮐـﺮت ﻫـﺎي اﺻـﻠﯽ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿـﭗ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻠـﺰا (ﻻﯾـﻦ KR4 و Eldo و ارﻗـﺎم GKH305 و Anatol) در ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳـﻄﻮح زﺋﻮﻟﯿـﺖ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻠـﺰا، ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آب ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮگ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺪاز و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ روزﻧـﻪ اي، ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻗﻨـﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز و ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺎﻟﻮن دي آﻟﺪﺋﯿـﺪ در ﺑﺮگ ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻮان ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. دو ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ روﻏﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺪت ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺗﻨﺶ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﺗـﺎﻻز و ﭘﺮاﮐﺴـﯿﺪاز، ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﺗـﻨﺶ، ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺷﺪﯾﺪ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد. در ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻻﯾﻦ KR4 و رﻗـﻢ GKH305 ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺻـﻮرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ وﻟﯽ ﺑـﺎ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ و ﺷـﺪﯾﺪ رﻗـﻢ Anatol ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﺴﺎرت و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را در ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼـﺎص داد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻠﺰا ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ آﺑﯽ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ رﻓﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
In order to study the effect of zeolite on some physiological characteristics, antioxidant enzymes activity, seed and oil yields of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress condition, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. Three drought stress levels (irrigation after 40, 60, and 80% soil water discharge), were applied as non-stress, low stress, and high stress, respectively and the zeolite at two levels (0 and 10 tons per hecater) was applied in a factorial design in main plots while genotypes of rapeseed (Line KR4 and Eldo and GKH 305 and Anatol cultivars) were used in sub-plots. Results revealed that in all zeolite and rapeseed genotype treatments, drought stress caused a decrease in relative water content, canopy temperature, and stomatal resistant and decreased soluble sugar, proline content, and antioxidants activity (catalase and peroxidase) and malondealdehyde in top young leaves in plant. The moderate and severe drought stress led to reduction in seed yield and oil yield, respectively. With an increase in stress level, so did the efficiency of zeolite in reducing negative effects of stress and its application under moderate and high stress resulted in significant reductions in catalase and peroxidase antioxidant activities and also reduction in soluble sugars and proline concentration. Application of zeolite increased seed yield significantly under non-stress, moderate and high stress treatments and improved oil yield. Among genotypes under study, KR4 line and GKH305 cultivar had the highest seed yield in case of application and non-application of zeolite, respectively but under moderate and severe stress, Anatol had the lowest loss and highest yield. According to the findings, using zeolite in all drought stress caused a significant decrease in rapeseed yield and with an increase in water limitation, so did the efficiency of zeolite.
