مقايسهٔ كيفيت و رضايت از زندگي، عزت‌ نفس و رشد اجتماعي معلولين ورزشكار و غير ورزشكار

A Comparative Study of the Comparison of Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction, Self-esteem and Social Development between Disabled Athletes and Non-athletes with Disabilities

زمينه و هدف: فعاليت بدني منظم و ورزش، براي سلامتي و عملكرد افراد معلول اهميت به‌سزايي دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر مقايسهٔ كيفيت و رضايت از زندگي، عزت‌نفس و رشد اجتماعي معلولين ورزشكار و غير‌ورزشكار بود. روش‌بررسي: پژوهش حاضر علي‌مقايسه‌اي بود. آزمودني‌هاي پژوهش به‌روش نمونه‌گيري سهل‌الوصول يا آسان انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌ها به دو گروه معلولين ورزشكار و غير‌ورزشكار تقسيم شدند. ابزار تحقيق شامل پرسشنامهٔ عزت‌نفس كوپر اسميت، و پرسشنامهٔ رشد اجتماعي وايتزمن، پرسشنامهٔ دينر و همكاران، بود. از آزمون T دو گروه مستقل و تحليل واريانس چندمتغيري جهت تجزيه‌و‌تحيل داده‌ها استفاده شد. نتيجه‌گيري: ورزش و فعاليت‌هاي بدني مي‌تواند موجب افزايش عزت‌نفس، رشد اجتماعي، كيفيت زندگي و رضايت از زندگي در معلولين ورزشكار شود.

Background and objective: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life and life satisfaction, self-esteem and social development of disabled athletes and non-athletes with disabilities. Regular physical activity and exercise are of great importance for health and functioning of people with disabilities. Method: This is a Causal-comparative study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants. The participants were selected from among disabled athletes and non-athletes with disabilities. Research Instruments were a version of S. Coopersmith's (1967) Self-Esteem Inventory, and Wahtsman Social Development questionnaire and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985). T-test for independent groups and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a significant difference between athletes and non-athletes with disabilities in terms of quality of life and life satisfaction, self-esteem and social development, (0.001), (0.002), (0.001), (0.001). In other words, quality of life and life satisfaction, selfesteem and social development of disabled athletes is higher than non-athletes with disabilities. From Among the variables quality of life, selfesteem, social development, the variable vitality, general self-esteem and responsibility had the highest scores in comparison to other types. Conclusion: Sports and physical activity can enhance self-esteem, social development, quality of life and life satisfaction among disabled athletes.