پديد آورندگان :
شلاني، بيتا دانشگاه رازي كرمانشاه , كرمي، جهانگير دانشگاه رازي كرمانشاه , مؤمني، خدامراد دانشگاه رازي كرمانشاه
چكيده فارسي :
هدف: در چند دههٔ گذشته تكانشگري دوران كودكي يكي از موضوعات مطالعاتي بسيار گسترده در تحول كودك بوده است. تكانشگري بر زندگي فرد در آينده تأثير ميگذارد و سبب ايجاد مشكلات بسياري چون تخريب روابط با همسالان ميگردد. اين مطالعه بهمنظور تعيين اثربخشي هنردرماني با رويكرد نقاشي بر تكانشگري كودكان مبتلا به اختلال بيشفعالي/نارسايي توجه انجام شد.
روشبررسي: طرح مطالعهٔ شبهتجربي، از نوع پيشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه كنترل بود. جامعهٔ آماري شامل تمامي كودكان سن 8 تا 12 سال مدارس شهر كرمانشاه بود. از طريق نمونهگيري خوشهاي مرحلهاي، 5 مدرسه انتخاب و پس از تكميل پرسشنامه و دارابودن ملاكهاي ورود، 24 دانشآموز بهصورت تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايشي و كنترل قرار گرفتند. جلسات براي گروه آزمايش در 9 جلسه و بهمدت 45 تا 60 دقيقه، دو بار در هفته اجرا شد. گروهها در پيشآزمون و پسآزمون توسط پرسشنامهٔ خودبازداري وينبرگر و شوارتز ارزيابي شدند. تجزيهوتحليل دادهها با استفاده از روش آماري تحليل كواريانس انجام گرفت.
يافتهها: نتايج نشان دادند كه تكانشگري در گروه آزمايش بهطور معناداري كاهش يافته است (0٫001>p).
نتيجهگيري: باتوجه به مؤثربودن هنردرماني بر كاهش تكانشگري كودكان مبتلا به اختلال بيشفعالي/ نارسايي توجه، پيشنهاد ميشود روانشناسان و متخصصان كودك از اين شيوهٔ درماني نيز در كاهش تكانشگري اين كودكان استفاده كنند.
چكيده لاتين :
Objective: Attention deficit /Hyperactivity disorder is a neurological disorder with symptoms of hyperactivity/ impulsiveness. Impulsiveness is
one of the main symptoms of attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder. In the past few decades, childhood impulsiveness has been one of the most
widely studied topics in child development. Impulsiveness affects people's lives in the future causing many problems like the destruction of
relationships with peers, financial management, excessive drug abuse, and risky driving. This study was performed to examine the efficacy of
art therapy with painting approach on Impulsiveness of children with Attention deficit /Hyperactivity disorder.
Methods: the study is an experimental survey with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all primary
school children aged between 8 to 12 years in the urban district number three in Kermanshah city during 2015-2016. In cluster sampling stage,
5 schools were selected and after completing the questionnaire and meeting the entry conditions of the study, 24 students were assigned randomly
to control and experimental groups. Inclusion criteria included attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and lack of other disorders, aged 8-12
years, second to sixth grade, cooperation and consent of parents and teachers, lack of other therapies such as pharmacotherapy. Sessions for
experimental group were performed in 9 sessions over a period of 45 to 60 minutes, twice a week. Art Therapy program retrieved from "group
art project for children with autism". The program sessions aimed to encourage physical and verbal interaction, brainstorming teamwork,
friendship, intimacy, attention to detail and groups, increased control, working together, respecting turn, fine motor skills, body awareness and
body language in the form of art and design have been as enjoyable and comfortable for children. To assess impulsiveness in this study the Self-
Restraint Scale was used, the test was developed in 1990 by Weinberger and Schwartz. It is a self-administered questionnaire with 30 statements
and evaluates the degree of emotional inhibition. The Scale of inhibition has an overall score and four subscales include: anger, impulse control,
respect for others, and responsibility. In present study, impulse control subscale was used to assess impulsiveness of children, Low score in
impulse control indicates high impulsiveness and high score in control impulsiveness indicates low impulsiveness. Both groups were evaluated
by Self-Restraint Scale of Weinberger & Schwartz in pre and posttests. Data analysis was performed in two stages: descriptive and inferential.
At the descriptive level we used the mean and standard deviation, and according to the established important assumptions of the analysis
covariance, this test was used.
Results: The results showed that the level of impulse control increased in children who participated in art therapy sessions Compared to the
control group who received no intervention. This means that impulsiveness is reduced in the experimental group (p<0.001)
Conclusion: We can conclude that art therapy intervention resulted in significant differences between the experimental and control groups, In
fact, the presence in the experimental group and receiving experimental program can decrease impulsiveness in the group. Since these children
often face problems with impulse control and high impulsiveness is an important issue in working with these children, choose a treatment method
that primarily be able to communicate with these children and attract them to continue the therapy and finally be effective and useful to solve
the problems of these children, is an important issue. According to the findings of this study it can be concluded that art therapy can increase
impulse control and reduce impulsiveness in these children. Since the most important way to enter the world of children is painting, in this way
the problems of children can be realized and to some degree can be moved in order to solve the problems caused by lack of impulse control.
With respect to what was said, if impulsiveness is left untreated in these children, it may lead to irreversible problems in adolescence and
adulthood. Thus, treatment effectiveness would be more if the diagnosis and treatment of problems in these children is realized in younger ages,.
Due to the effectiveness of art therapy to reduce impulsiveness in children with Attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder, Psychologists and
pediatricians recommended to use this therapeutic method in order to reduce the impulsiveness of these children.