پديد آورندگان :
حسين خانزاده، عباسعلي دانشگاه گيلان , صدري، ايمانه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي رشت - دانشكدهٔ علوم انساني - گروه روانشناسي باليني , ايمن خواه، فهيمه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي رشت - دانشكدهٔ علوم انساني - گروه روانشناسي باليني
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: از اقدامات بسيارمهم براي ارائهٔ خدمات آموزشي و توان‌بخشي مناسب به والدين كودكان مبتلا به اختلال‌هاي طيف اوتيسم، شناسايي نيازهاي آن‌ها است. بدين‌ترتيب پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسايي و الويت‌بندي نيازهاي والدين داراي فرزند مبتلا به اختلال اوتيسم انجام شد.
روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش حاضر توصيفي از نوع زمينه‌يابي (پيمايشي) بود. جامعهٔ آماري اين پژوهش را والدين داراي فرزندان مبتلا به اختلال اوتيسم در استان‌هاي تهران، قم، كرج و قزوين درسال 1394 تشكيل دادند. از اين بين نمونه‌اي به حجم 250 نفر به‌روش نمونه‌گيري هدفمند انتخاب شد. براي جمع‌آوري داده‌ها، مقياس اوتيسم بهر آيونگ و همكاران 2008 و پرسشنامهٔ محققساخته نيازهاي والدين به‌كار گرفته شد. داده‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از تحليل عاملي اكتشافي و تأييدي و آزمون فريدمن تجزيه‌و‌تحليل شد.
يافته‌ها: باتوجه به اينكه پرسشنامهٔ محققساخته داراي سه عامل بود، يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان داد كه عامل آگاهي دربارهٔ توانايي‌هاي شناختي و ارتباطي كودك با ميانگين رتبهٔ 2٫83 عامل مهم‌تر و نيازهاي والدين داراي فرزند مبتلا به اختلال اوتيسم شامل آگاهي دربارهٔ مشكلات حركتي كودك با ميانگين رتبهٔ 26٫86 گويهٔ مهم‌تر و پس از آن آگاهي دربارهٔ نوع رفتارهاي كليشه‌اي و وسواسي كودك با ميانگين رتبهٔ 26٫43 و آگاهي دربارهٔ توانايي حافظهٔ كودك با ميانگين رتبهٔ 25٫51 در رتبهٔ دوم وسوم قرار داشتند.
نتيجه‌گيري: باتوجه به ابعاد نيازهاي شناسايي‌شدهٔ والدين كودكان مبتلا به اوتيسم، پژوهش حاضر مي‌تواند توسط مربيان آموزشي و توان‌بخشي و متخصصان باليني استفاده شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objective: Autism is a neurological disorder with increasing prevalence, which affects various dimensions of the children and
their families. Raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder implies significant stress levels and changes in family functioning. So far, the
majority of studies have dealt with parental difficulties, whereas those focusing on parental self-reported support needs related to autism are
fewer. The impact of autism is multidimensional as it involves not only to the financial, social, and professional spheres but also to the physical
and mental health of parents. In addition, Parents of such children are faced with the child’s lack of social reciprocity, which not only hinders
learning but also limits emotional sharing. In this context, a complex dynamic of self-maintenance of the disorder can become established, in
which problems of parental adjustment and the clinical expressions of the child’s disorder influence each other. One of the challenges of
professionals training and appropriate rehabilitation services to parents of children with autism spectrum disorders is to identify relevant targets
for supporting them. Parents may express a need to be helped to manage their fear about their child’s future. Therefore, the best way to ensure a
consistent course of care is to consider carefully the parental support once the diagnosis is made by accurately assessing the needs of fathers and
mothers. This study aims to identify and prioritize the needs of parents of children with autism.
Methods: This research is a needs assessment descriptive survey. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 250 parents of autistic children
from four autistic clinics in Tehran, Qom, Karaj and Qazvin-Iran. The research instruments were a researcher made questionnaire and Children
with Autism Scale developed by Ayong, Cohen, Wright and Ellison (2008). The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire (33 categories)
was assessed through the application of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and equaled =0. 97. Internal consistency reliability of Children with
Autism Scale, assessed via Cronbach's alpha, was calculated to be 0.97, with the internal consistency reliability of each subscale including social
skills, attention switching, communication, and imagination being 0.93, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.88 respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor
analysis and Fridman test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The result of Fridman test indicated that the parents agreed on the utilization of all rehabilitation and educational categories. They
placed more emphasis on the following categories: awareness of children's cognitive and communication abilities with average ratings (2.83),
needs and priority needs of parents of children with autism, including awareness of children with motor disorders with average rating (26.86),
the obsessive awareness of children with average ratings (26.43) and awareness of children's memory capacity with an average grade (25.51).
Conclusion: Accordingly, it can be concluded that parents of children with autism prioritized physical and psychological needs, warm and
intimate relationship between mother and child, improving social interactions and detecting behaviors of undetected in their children over other
needs.
