تفسير و تحليل مرگ گريزي و جلوه ي آن در خلق شخصيت هاي رويين تن ملل جهان (با تأكيد بر وجوه اشتراك شخصيت هاي اسفنديار، آشيل، زيگفريد و بالدر)

Death escaping and its manifestation in creating the personalities of the world nations (With an emphasis on the common aspects of Esfandiar, Achilles, Siegfried and Balder characters)

آدمي از ابتدا سوال‌ ها و چالش‌ هايي را پيش روي خود ديده و همواره سعي بر آن داشته است كه جوابي براي اين پرسش‌ هاي خود بيايد. يكي از اين مسائل كه از همان دوران آغاز زندگي بشر گريبان‌ گير وي بوده است، هويت و ماهيت مسئله‌ ي مرگ بوده است، چون موجودي كه تشنه‌ ي بقا بوده است را به سوي فنا و نابودي مي‌ كشاند. انساني كه با مشكل حل ناشدني و گريزناپذير مرگ روياروي بود در ضمير خويش به دنبال راه رهايي مي‌گشت تا تسلي خاطر آشفته‌ ي خويش را نه در دنياي بيرون، بلكه در جهان ذهن خويش جستجو كند. تكاپوي همه‌ ي اقوام و ملل در تمام دوران سبب گشت تا آن‌ ها به خلق شخصيتي توانمند دست بزنند كه از فنا، و آسيب و گزند در امان باشد و به نوعي ناميرا و ابدي باشد و به اين دليل است كه در فرهنگ‌ ها، اساطير و آثار حماسي ملل مختلف شخصيت‌ هايي را مي‌ بينيم كه ويژگي‌ هاي مشابهي دارند و برجسته‌ ترين ويژگي اين اسطوره‌ ها، رويين‌ تني است. در اين پژوهش سعي مي‌ كنيم با بيان مشتركات چهار شخصيت‌، كه از مشهورترين قهرمانان رويين‌تن ملت‌ ها به حساب مي‌ آيند ريشه‌ ي مشترك خلق اين آثار و تلاش براي تدبير مرگ‌ انديشي بشر پيشين را نشان دهيم.

Human beings have always sought to answer their numerous questions about surrounded mysterious world. and finding the answer to these ambiguities has been identified as a way to escape from the amazement, wonder and, most importantly, their fears about the vast world in which they lived. The most vague and unbearable of this mysterious and, at the same time, the most terrifying of them, was the phenomenon of death and the transition to the dead world that man knew nothing about this phenomenon. Human did not find a way to work efficiently against this incident. A man who encountered with unresolved and inevitable problem of death, sought to escape from his distasteful consolation, not in the outside world, but in his mind. His escapement appeared in an idealistic, ideal, empower and invincible personality that was found in various myths and epics of various nations and despite the dimensional distance of these lands, the similarities between these characters are indicative of the root cause of the common concern of mankind and the creation of these myths is a manifestation of human thought and concern. No matter what the geopolitical framework of the world and the flight of his mind, he searches his wish in a mysterious world. In this research we try to show the four common characters which are considered to be the most famous heroes of the nation's .We show the common origins of these works and the efforts about death escaping of mankind. Keywords