شاخص هاي عملي عرفان در سلوك‌نامه بايزيدبسطامي

Practical Indicators of Mysticism in Bayazid Bastami’s Conduct Method

بايزيدبسطامي عارفي است كه انديشه‌ي توحيدي او در سراسر متون عرفاني متقدم و متأخر اسلامي حضور تاثيرگذار دارد و هر وجهي از سير و سلوك وي پژوهشي جداگانه مي‌طلبد. اما در اين واكاوي، شاخص‌هاي اصلي عرفان بايزيد در بُعد «عمل» مورد بررسي قرار گرفت و معلوم گرديد كه برخلاف نظر برخي از منتقدين انديشه‌ي او، عارفي متمسك به ثقلين است. بعضي از عرفا هم اذعان دارند قرآن را تماماً ازبر بوده و پاسخهايي كه با استفاده از آيات قرآني به برخي پرسشها داده، حاكي از تأثيرپذيري و انس او با معارف اسلامي و مكتب اهل‌بيت)ع( است. بايزيد اهل دعا و مناجات مي‌باشد و انانيت را بزرگترين حجاب در سلوك عملي معرفي مي‌كند و كرامات را مايه‌ي برتري عارف نمي‌داند. حاصل آنكه با توجه به موارد حادث متاخر در جهان اسلام و آموزه‌هايي كه بايزيد مبتني بر معارف شريعت محمدي ارائه مي‌دهد، مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه رجعت به اخلاق و سلوك محمديه(ص) نسخه‌ي رهايش دنياي امروز از ظلمت است. تفكر و تفقه در كلام بايزيد و سلوك وي در تقيد به شريعت اسلام، نمونه‌ي بارز اين الگوي عملي است.

Bayazid Bastami is a mystic whose monotheistic thinking has been impressive in all the earlier and later mysticism texts and every aspect of his practices and conducts requires a separate research. But in this analysis, the most important indicators of Bayazid’s mysticism in "practice" aspect were investigated, and it was found that unlike some critics of his thought, he is a mystic who resorted to Thaqalayn (theProphet and holy Quran). Also some of mystics acknowledged that he recited Quran in full, the questions which were answered by him using Quran verses and also his understandings and mystical comments about some of Quran verses implies his affection and fondness towards Islamic Studies and Ahl al-Bayt (members of prophet family). Bayazid is man of prayer and colloquy (with God), and defines "egoism"(selfishness) as the greatest obstacle for practical conduct and doesn't believe miraculous acts leads to mystic's excellence. Accordingly, given the past events in Islam world and the educations which are provided by Bayazid according to Mohammadiah Sharia (Islamic Law), it can be concluded that the return to ethics and theconducts of Mohammad are the salvation guideline of today’s world from darkness in today's world. The contemplation and obtain understanding in Bayzid's word and his conduct being tied up with Islam’s Divine Law, are typical example of this practical pattern.