تحليلي بر مفهوم نظام نمايندگي در قانون اساسي جمهوري اسلامي ايران « با نگاهي تطبيقي به انديشه سياسي غرب »

Analysis of the Concept of Representation in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran A Comparative Approach to Political Thought West

انديشه دموكراسي از درون فرآيند تاريخي و تحولات فلسفي- سياسي غرب متولد شده است و تأسيس نظام نمايندگي همراه با پذيرش ارادۀ مردم به عنوان منبع مشروعيّتِ نظام سياسي از آثار چنين تفكري است؛ از يك سو تضمين حقوق بنيادين شهروندان مستلزم اين است كه مفهوم نمايندگي تنها در شكل باقي نماند بلكه به عنوان معياري انحصاري در مشروعيّت­ بخشي به مجموعه قدرت سياسي مورد شناسايي قرار گيرد. از سوي ديگر، حاكميّت مؤثر مردم مستلزم وجود مباني، اصول و ساختار دموكراتيك است. قانون اساسي جمهوري اسلامي ايران نيز در شناسايي نظام نمايندگي به عنوان تنها روش توليد قدرت سياسي، از الگويي مدرن تبعيّت كرده است. بر همين اساس، هر گونه برداشت از مفهوم نمايندگي بايد با توجه به «جايگاه ملّت در تأسيس جمهوري اسلامي و ساختارهاي سياسي- حقوقي»، «اعتبار اصول قانون اساسي به واسطه اصل اول» و «معياري تحت عنوان ميزان رأي ملّت است و خودِ ملّت ميزان است» » صورت پذيرد.

The notion of democracy was borne during historical process and politico-philosophical developments in the west and establishment of representative system alongside with acceptance of peoples will, as the source of legitimacy of political system was a result of that thought. In a democratic state, the constitution as a creature of the nation, reflects the will of the people and consequently, all structures and political systems reflect the people's action, accordingly we can not accept the constitution as more important than constituent power. All of the legal and political structures are as a result of the people's action, because non of the established organs and institutions did not follow any previous rule but people are also in a position of principle creators. In order to guarantee the sovereignty of the people, representative system not only shall be established as a methodic form but also supposed as a foundation that legitimate the political power. In a modern approach, the legitimacy of a political system is a concept beyond the establishment of formal representation and representative system should be extended to all organs and political structures. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has followed the modern pattern, Consequently any interpretation of the representation system should be preserve the founder's position in the highest level.