كليدواژه :
تركيبات اسانس , ژرانيال , گياهان دارويي , متابوليت هاي ثانويه
چكيده فارسي :
سابقه و هدف: بادرشبو (.Dracocephalum moldavica L.) گياهي علفي يكساله و متعلق به خانواده نعناعيان است. اسانس اين گياه در صنايع داروسازي، آرايشي و بهداشتي، غذايي و عطر سازي، كاربردهاي
فراواني دارد. گياهان دارويي مخازن غني از متابوليت هاي ثانويه و مواد مؤثره اوليه بسياري از داروها مي باشند.
مواد مذكور اگر چه اساساً با هدايت فرآيندهاي ژنتيكي ساخته مي شوند ولي ساخت آن ها به طور بارزي تحت
تأثير عوامل محيطي قرار مي گيرد. با توجه به تأثير عوامل محيطي بر درصد و اجزاي اسانس گياهان دارويي و
همچنين اهميت گياه دارويي بادرشبو در صنايع غذايي و آرايشي و بهداشتي در اين تحقيق تأثير عوامل محيطي
بر درصد و اجزاي اسانس گياه دارويي بادرشبو مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objectives: Moldavian balm (Dracocephalummoldavica L.) is an annual medicinal plant that belongs to the Labiate family. The essential oil of Moldavian balm has wide usage in industries like pharmaceutical, dietary and many others (16, 20). Medicinal herbs are rich reservoirs of secondary metabolites and the active ingredients of many medications. Although these material basically created with genetic process but making them significantly affected by environmental factors. Due to the effect of environmental factors on the essential oil content and composition of medicinal plants and importance of Moldavian balm in food and cosmetics industry, this research was studied about the effect of environmental factors on essential oil content and composition of Moldavian balm.
Materials and methods: To determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of five Moldavian balm populations at five locations, an experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications in 2013. In all regions, sampling were done in full flowering stage. In each region three samples were analyzed and these locations were Salmas, Urmia, Khoy, Maragheh and Tabriz. Cultivar of szk-1 was planted as a control treatment in the research field of Payam Noor University (PNU) in Marand. In each location, flowering branches of Moldavian balm were collected in full flowering stage. In this study oil contents and composition of essential oil were measured. After drying the aerial parts of plant in shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. In order to isolation and identification of oils GC and GC-MS were used.
Results: The results showed that effect of population was significant at 5% on essential oil content. The highest (6.10) and the lowest (4.0) essential oil were obtained in Salmas and Tabriz populations respectively. In total thirteencompositions were identified from collected populations from different regions and modern cultivar. Total compounds detected varied from 87.3 to 96 percent .The major components of the essential oil were Geraniol, Geranial, Nerol and Geranyl acetate. The highest and the lowest total amount of Neral +Geraniol+Geraniol were in Tabriz 57.3% and Maragheh 33.9 % population, respectively. Also, population of Maragheh (57.3%) and Tabriz (23.6%) produced the highest and the lowest amount of Geranyl acetate, respectively.
Conclusion: Salmas and Tabriz population produced the highest percentage and the essential oil composition respectively. In general, with selection of these two populations can produced cultivars with desirable agronomic traits.
