تاﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻏﺪه ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي

The Effect of Cover Crops and Integrated Control on Weed Management and Tuber Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Different Tillage Systems

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺎكورزي و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﯾﺎ ﻣﮑﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1391-92 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻮﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي دوﺑﺎر ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار، اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ (ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﺧﺎكورزي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي) در ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ (ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﺟﻮ (.Hordeum vulgare L(، ﻣﺎﺷﮏ (vica villosa roth) و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( در ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در دو ﺳﻄﺢ )ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻋﺪم ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز( در ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ- ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﺟﻮ و ﻣﺎﺷﮏ ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در روش ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز را ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﺧﺎكورزي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن- وﯾﻨﺮ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 33/78 ،54/24 و 54/48 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن- وﯾﻨﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ در روشﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﺧﺎكورزي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 61/74 ،66/66 و 56 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻏﺪه )63/74 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( در روش ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﻣﺎﺷﮏ ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ 55/81 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز و ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داشت

Considering the importance of conservation tillage and reduction of herbicide in the sustainable management of agricultural systems, use of cover crops can be considered as an alternative or supplement to control of weeds. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty, of Bu-Ali Sina University, in 2013. The experiment was carried out as a split- split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included tillage systems at three levels (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) as main plots, three levels of cover crop (Vetch (vica villosa Roth), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and without cover crop) as subplot, and two levels of integrated control of weeds (weed control and weed free) as sub-sub plots. Barley and vetch cover crops combined with integrated weed control in conventional tillage system could completely control the weeds. Application of cover crops in the conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage systems reduced Shannon-Wiener diversity index of weeds by 54.24, 33.78 and 54.84 percent, respectively. Reduction rate of diversity index using integrated control in the conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage systems compared to the control by 66.66, 61.74 and 56 percent, respectively. The highest tuber yield (63.74 Tons per hectare) was obtained in conventional tillage system application with vetch cover crop combined with integrated weed control that was about 55.81% more than that of no integrated weed control and no cover crops application, treatment.