پديد آورندگان :
ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﯽ، اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ , اﯾﺰدي درﺑﻨﺪي، اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي , راﺳﺘﮕﻮ، ﻣﻬﺪي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ كشاورزي - ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر , ﺑﺎﻏﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ كشاورزي - ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر , ﺣﺴﻦ زاده ﺧﯿﺎط، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ
كليدواژه :
ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ , ﺗﻨﺎوب ﮐﺸﺖ , ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ , ﻣﺎده اﻓﺰودﻧﯽ , وزن ﺧﺸﮏ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺳﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﮐﻠﺰا، ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﺧﺎك ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ذرت، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ در ﺧﺎك در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ﮔﺎوي (40 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر)، ﮐﻮد ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ (10 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر)، ﮐﻮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا (250 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ)، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون (ﮐﺮوز 4 درﺻﺪ SC) در دو ﺳﻄﺢ 80 و 40 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﻮﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد و ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺎده اﻓﺰودﻧﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﮑﺲ )0/5درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ( ﺑﻮد. در ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ذرت ﻫﺮ ﮐﺮت ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد و ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ذرت، ﻫﺮ ﮐﺮت ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ و اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ذرت ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮرﺟﯿﻦ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و درﺧﻮرﺟﯿﻦ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﮐﻠﺰا، ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﮑﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار زﯾﺴﺖﺗﻮده اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﺪ و اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﺑﻄﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﺴﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﮐﻠﺰا، ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 419 ،62 و 446 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و 23 ،33 و 28 درﺻﺪاز ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﮐﻮد ﮔﺎوي و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 40 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﻮﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ،ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻠﺰا < ﺟﻮ < ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷد
چكيده لاتين :
To study effects of nicosulfuron herbicide in soil on wheat, barley and rapeseed after corn harvesting, a field experiment was conducted at the research fields of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experimental design was arranged in completely randomized blocks design with factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications. The factors included organic fertilizers at 4 levels (cow manure at 40 tons ha-1, vermicompost at l0 tons ha-1, 250 g m-2 mycorrhiza and control treatment without fertilizer). Nicosulfuron (Cruz®,4% SC) rates included 40 and 80 g ai ha-1, with and without the adjuvant (HydroMax™) at 0.5% (v/v). Each plot was divided into two halves with and without the herbicide application, in the corn farm. After harvest of corn, each plot was divided into three longitudinal sections and canola, wheat and barley were planted in each section. Results indicated that plant height, number of ears or silique per square meter, number of seeds per ear or silique, 1000-grain weight, shoot biomass and grain yield of rapeseed, wheat and barley significantly reduced when herbicide was applied at recommended dose. The addition of HydroMax with nicosulfuron, reduced aboveground biomass of mentioned crops, significantly. While organic matter decreased herbicide residue of nicosulfuron and increased plant growth. However, the highest seed yield and the lowest percentage of damage were 63, 419 446 g m-2, and 33%, 23%, 28% in rapeseed, wheat and barley respectly, when cow manure was used plus nicosulfuron at 40 g ai ha-1. In this study, crops sensitivity to soil residue of nicosulfuron herbicide in soil was ranked as rapeseed> barley> wheat.
