كاربرد منحني هاي القاء فلورسنس در كنترل تاجخروس ريشه قرمز ( Amaranthus retroflexus ( و تاجريزي سياه )

Using Florescence Induction Curve on the Control of Amaranthus retroflexus and Solanum nigrum

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺗﺴﮑﯽ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي آن، دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ دُز- ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي دسﻣﺪﯾﻔﺎم+ ﻓﻦﻣﺪﯾﻔﺎم+ اﺗﻮﻓﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ و ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪازون و ﮐﻠﻮﭘﯿﺮاﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ روي دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجﺧﺮوس رﯾﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ و ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1392 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ، ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ دسﻣﺪﯾﻔﺎم + ﻓﻦﻣﺪﯾﻔﺎم اﺗﻮﻓﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 308/25 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر از اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل 100% اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز در 21 روز ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺷﺪت اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق در ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎج-ﺧﺮوس رﯾﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺗﺴﮑﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭘﺲ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ دسﻣﺪﯾﻔﺎم+ ﻓﻦﻣﺪﯾﻔﺎم+ اﺗﻮﻓﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ از ﻫﻤﺎن اوﻟﯿﻦ دُز ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي در ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺻﺎف و ﺧﻄﯽ درآﻣﺪه درﺣﺎﻟﯿﮑﻪ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪازون در ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه از ﻫﻤﺎن اوﻟﯿﻦ دُز ﺑﮑﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ 81/25 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و در ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجﺧﺮوس رﯾﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ از دُز ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي 325 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ دُز 2600 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﭼﺸﻤﯽ، ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪازون ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎيﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه و ﺗﺎجﺧﺮوس رﯾﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ داﺷﺖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﮐﻠﻮﭘﯿﺮاﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه را ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﺗﺎجﺧﺮوس رﯾﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﺮد. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﮐﻠﻮﭘﯿﺮاﻟﯿﺪ در دُز ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي 240 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎج-ﺧﺮوس رﯾﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ و ﻧﯿﺰ در دُزﻫﺎي 180 و 240 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺗﺎجرﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده و ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺗﺴﮑﯽ را ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﻄﯽ ﺻﺎف و ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ Fvj) J) و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﺗﺴﮑﯽ و Area) Fm )ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ

In order to determine how exposure affects the Kautsky curve and its parameters, two dose-response experiments were carried out for chlorophyll fluorescence measuring. The treatments involved desmedipham + phenmedipham+ ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) at the research glasshouse of Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during 2013. On the base of observation evaluation results, Solanum nigrum showed the highest susceptibility to desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, so that application of 308.25 g a.i. ha-1 of herbicide resulted in 100 percent control, 21 days after treatment. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that the mentioned herbicides effect was more in S. nigrum than in A. retroflexus. As Kautsky curve were affected and changed in an almost horizontal lines by desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate in both weed species at 4 HAS at doses of 51.38 mg a.i. ha-1, whereas the fluorescence rate was reduced in S. nigrum and A. retroflexus at doses of 81.25 and 325 mg a.i. ha-1 respectively by chloridazon. According to visual observations, chloridazon had significant effect on the control of Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus retroflexus, and clopyralid controlled Solanum nigrum better than Amaranthus retroflexus. The fluorescence rate was decreased at doses of 240 mg a.i. ha-1 in A. retroflexus, 180 and 240 mg a.i. ha-1 for S. nigrum, and therefore, Kautsky curve was changed entirely. Among fluorescence parameters, Fvj and Area parameters were severely reduced.