بررسي كارايي علف كش هاي جديد در كنترل سس زراعي (Cuscuta campestris) در مزارع چغندرقند (Beta vulgaris)

Investigating Efficacy of New Herbichdes to Control Dodder (Cuscuta campestris) in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) Fields

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ ).Cuscuta campestris Yun( ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺰارع ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ).Beta vulgaris L( ﮐﺸﻮر در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺴﺘﺮش اﺳﺖ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي ﭘﺲروﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻻﮐﻠﺮ )ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري دوآلﮔﻠﺪ( 2/5 ،2 ،1 و 3 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ، ﭘﺮوﭘﯿﺰاﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮن ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﺮﺳﺖ و ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮن ﭘﻮدر ﻣﺮﻃﻮبﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري ﮐﺮب 1، 2 ،1/5 و 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ/ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و اﺗﻮﻓﻮﻣﺰات )ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري اﺗﻮ( 2 ،1/5 ،1 و 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎ در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 17 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر و 16 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﻣﺰارع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ واﻗﻊ در ﮐﺮج و اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺗﺼﺎل ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ آن اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ.ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺑﺮ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭘﺮوﭘﯿﺰاﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﺖ 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ/ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ )93 ﺗﺎ 99 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ )51 ﺗﺎ 94 درﺻﺪ( اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ رﻗﻢ رﺳﻮل ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺮوﭘﯿﺰاﻣﯿﺪ 2 ﺗﺎ 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ/ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و اﺗﻮﻓﻮﻣﺰات 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ )ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 52 ﺗﺎ 93 درﺻﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ( و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 43 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮن ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ (SC) ﺑﺪﻟﯿﻞ اﻧﺤﻼل راﺣﺖﺗﺮ در آب و ﻋﺪم اﯾﺠﺎد رﯾﺰﮔﺮد ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎ آب ارﺟﺤﯿﺖ دارد، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﭘﺮوﭘﯿﺰاﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﺖ 2 ﺗﺎ 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و اﺗﻮﻓﻮﻣﺰات 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر را ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺲ زراﻋﯽ در ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﮐﺮد.

To investigate chemical control of dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunk.) which is spreading in sugarbeet fields, an experiment was conducted using metolachlor (commercial name Dual gold) at 1, 2, 2.5 &3 Lha-1, two formulations of propizamid (Wettable Powder: WP), commercial name Kerb and Suspension Concentrate: SC), commercial name Burst) at 1, 1.5, 2 &2.5 L/kg ha-1 and ethofumesate (commercial name Etho) 1, 1.5, 2 & 2.5 Lha-1. The experiment was performed in the Weed Research Department greenhouse, Karaj and Orumieh fields. The expermints were carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with 17 treatments and 4 replications in the greenhouse and 16 treatments with 4 replications in the fields. All dosages were sprayed at 4 leaf stages of sugarbeet and before dodder attatchment. The effect of herbicide treatments was analysed on dodder fresh and dry weight and sugarbeet yield. Greenhouse results indicated that propizamid Burst 2.5 Lha-1 as the the best herbicide treatment and caused the most decrease in dodder fresh and dry weight (93 to 99%, compared to dodder infested control), and also the most increase in sugarbeet shoot fresh and dry weight (51 to 94%) with Rasool cultivar. Based on field studies, propizamid Burst 2 to 2.5 Lha-1 and ethofumesate 2.5 Lha-1 were the best treatments. As SC formulation is safer and easier to apply than WP formulation, propizamid Burst 2 to 2.5 Lha-1 and ethofumesate 2.5 Lha-1 are recommended for dodder control in sugarbeet