اثربخشي «مشاورهٔ گروهي با رويكرد شناختي-رفتاري» بر راهبردهاي مقابله‌اي و ابرازوجود زنان داراي همسر معتاد

The Effectiveness of “Group Counseling By Cognitive-Behavioral Approach” On Comparative Strategies and Assertiveness Skills in the Women with Addictive Spouses

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اثربخشي «مشاورهٔ گروهي با رويكرد شناختي-رفتاري» بر راهبردهاي مقابله‌اي و ابراز وجود زنان همسر معتاد انجام شد. روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش نيمه‌آزمايشي و از نوع پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه كنترل بود. جامعهٔ آماري، تمامي زنان داراي همسر معتادي بودند كه براي درمان اعتياد همسرانشان، به مراكز ترك اعتياد استان تهران مراجعه كردند. نمونه شامل 20 نفر از همسران مردان معتادي كه اولين‌بار به مركز ترك اعتياد قرچك ورامين مراجعه كرده‌اند، بوده كه در ردهٔ سني 35-20 سال و تحصيلات زيرديپلم بودند. نمونه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي انتخاب شد. ابزارهاي سنجش، پرسشنامه‌هاي راهبردهاي مقابله‌اي لازاروس و فولكمن و ابراز وجود گمبريل ريچي بودند كه افراد نمونه به اين پرسشنامه‌ها پاسخ دادند. سپس به‌صورت تصادفي ده نفر از آن‌ها در گروه آزمايش و 10 نفر ديگر در گروه كنترل قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمايش در 10 جلسه‌ٔ مشاورهٔ گروهي شركت كردند. دو هفته بعد از اتمام جلسات، پس‌آزمون براي هر دوگروه اجرا شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج تحليل كواريانس بيانگر اين بود كه مشاورهٔ گروهي شناختي-رفتاري بر راهبردهاي مقابله‌اي و ابراز وجود زنان داراي همسر معتاد تأثير دارد (0٫001>p). نتيجه‌گيري: يافته‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد كه جلسات مشاورهٔ گروهي شناختي-رفتاري مي‌تواند باعث تغيير راهبردهاي مقابله‌اي در زنان داراي همسر معتاد شود و همچنين باعث افزايش مهارت ابراز وجود در آنان شده است.

Background and Objective: Drug addiction is one of the most common social harms throughout the world and the country of Iran, in particular. The worst effect of addiction occurs when the head of family is afflicted. This phenomenon has a negative impact on the family, especially the afflicted person's wife. Many researches about addiction have been carried out in recent years. Their results revealed social, psychological and physical harms. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of “group counseling by cognitive-behavioral approach” on comparative strategies and assertiveness skills in the women with addicted spouse. Methods: The research method is semi-experimental with pretest – posttest one as well as control group. The sample composed of 20 women who were 20-35 years old with poor education level and addicted husbands. These individuals were attending the drug addiction clinic in Gharchak Varamin center for the first time. These samples were chosen by simple sampling. Among all addiction centers, Gharchak Varamin center was selected randomly in order to conduct the study. Among the addicted spouses, twenty persons were selected randomly. The attending women were tested in two groups composed of 10 persons. The instruments applied were Lazaros and Folkman comparative strategies questionnaires and GambrilRichi assertiveness inventory. The selected sample completed these questionnaires. Ten cases of the samples were assigned as the examination group (N=10) and the others were kept in the control group (N=10) randomly. The examination group received ten counseling sessions. Two weeks later, the post-test was applied for two groups at the end of sessions. Finding: covariance analysis results indicated that cognitive - behavioral group counseling has an effect on comparative strategies and assertiveness skills (p<0.001) in women with addictive spouses. The obtained results also showed that group counseling by cognitive-behavioral approach leads to increase self-controlling fields, problem solving, Positive reappraisal, searching social support and responsibility (p<0.001). On the other hand, the approach leads to decrease coping field, selecting separation and getaway-avoidance in women with addicted spouses (p<0.001). Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that cognitive-behavioral group counseling cause's comparative strategies to change in women with addicted spouse and while increasing their assertiveness skill. Cognitive- behavioral group counseling tries to develop life skills and increase the compatibility of a person with his/ her environment and its challenges. It makes person ready to deal with the others effectively. By conducting this research, it is clear that cognitive-behavioral group counseling approach can have a positive effect on increasing coping skills and assertiveness in women who have addicted spouses.