برهمكنش تراكم گياهي وكود نيتروژن در رقابت گندم با علف هرز جودره Hordeum spontaneum تحت تاثير غلظتهاي علفكش سولفوسولفورون + متسولفورون در دو منطقه كرج و قم

Interaction of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Wheat Density in Competition with Wild Barley under Metsulfuron methyl + Sulfosulfuron Doses in Karaj and Qom

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون + ﻣﺖﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون )ﺗﻮﺗﺎل( ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪي ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺟﻮدره و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1393 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، واﻗﻊ در ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮج و ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم )400 ،300 و 500 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( دو ﺳﻄﻮح ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )240، 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل )54 ،45 ،33 ،20 ،0 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﻣﻮﺛﺮه در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽِ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺮ زﯾﺴﺖﺗﻮده ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺟﻮدره در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻧﺤﻮيﮐﻪ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺟﻮدره ﺷﺪ. درﺣﺎﻟﯽ-ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل، اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺮ روي زﯾﺴﺖﺗﻮده ﺟﻮدره ﺣﺬف ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﮔﻨﺪم، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮان رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺟﻮدره در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺮج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﻢ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ، وﻟﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺼﺮف 240 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 400 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﮔﻨﺪم و اﻋﻤﺎل 45 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر از ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﺮج ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﻢ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺼﺮف 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن + ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 500 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﮔﻨﺪم و اﻋﻤﺎل 45 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر از ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of nitrogen, wheat density and herbicide doses on wheat-wild barley competition in Karaj and Qom. Experiment was a split-factorial with three replications. Experimental factors were wheat densities of 300, 400 and 500 plants m-2, nitrogen levels of 240 and 300 kg ha-1 and five doses of metsulfuron-methyl plus sulfosulfuron at 0, 20, 33, 45 and 54 g ha-1. Results from both locations indicated significant interactions between treatments. Depending on herbicide dose applied wheat density effect on wild-barley biomass was different. Decrease in wild-barley biomass obtained from increasing wheat density was significantly higher with low doses of herbicide. Regarding higher nitrogen efficiency in Karaj wheat, lower nitrogen level caused more competition ability of wheat and lower wild-barley biomass. In Qom experiment, the general trend was similar, differences were not significant at p-value <0.05. In summary, integrating 240 kg h-1 of nitrogen fertilizer with wheat density of 400 plants m-2 and herbicide dose of 45 g ha-1 resulted in highest wheat yield in Karaj, while in Qom experiment, the treatment combination of 300 kg ha-1 plus wheat density of 500 plants m-2 and 45 g ha-1 herbicide gave the best wheat yield.