نقش اجتماعي فلسفه نزد ابونصر فارابي و جمال الدين اسدآبادي

Social role of philosophy according to Abonasr Farabi and Jamal Al-din Asad Abadi

ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ از ﻧﮕﺎه دو ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ، ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه آن در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻌﺎرف و ﻋﻠﻮم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه در ﮔﺮوه و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﺣﻘﻮق و ﻣﺰاﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎ اﺟﺮا ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد د ﮐﻮﺋﻦ ، 99 :1391؛O’Donnel، 4 :1997 ؛;211 :1988 Ritzer,، ؛;Harlambos et.al 2006:6 )ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي، ﻧﻘﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ، اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات از ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ، ﺣﻖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ و ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﺛﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺑﻮﻧﺼﺮ ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ و ﺟﻤﺎلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺳﺪآﺑﺎدي ﺑﺎ روش اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻓﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻣﺮور ﺷﺪ.ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﺰد دو اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ راه ﺳﻌﺎدت و اﻋﺘﺪال در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻨﺼﺮﻓﺎﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﻧﻈﺮي ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺴﺌﻮل اﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﻧﺰد ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ، رﺋﯿﺲ اول، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي ﻋﻘﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ وﻧﺰد اﺳﺪآﺑﺎدي داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان، ﭘﯿﺸﻮاﯾﺎن و ﻓﯿﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﯿﻮﻫﻬﺎي ﻋﻘﻠﯽ و(ﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﺷﻌﺮ) ﻣﻠﻬﻢ از ﻗﺮآن اﺳﺖ. دﻏﺪﻏﮥ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﮥ ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ ﻧﻔﺎق وﺗﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ از ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎي ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﮐﺎرﺳﺎز و وﺣﺪت آﻓﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ و ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻘﻠﯽ ﭘﻨﺎه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد. دﻏﺪﻏﮥﻓﻠﺴﻔﮥاﺳﺪآﺑﺎدي ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﺎرﺳﺎز ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ و اﻋﺘﺪاﻟﯽ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ در ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﮥ اﻋﺘﺪال ﻗﻮاي ده ﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻨﺎه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻌﺎدت ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ از ﺳﻮق ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﯿﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﻫﺮاﺳﺪ و اﺳﺪآﺑﺎدي ﺗﺨﯿﻞ ﺷﻌﺮ را در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﯽ ﻧﮕﺮد. اﺳﺪآﺑﺎدي از ﺳﻮق ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ و ﺧﺮاﻓﺎت و اﻧﺘﺰاع ﺻﺮف مي ﻫﺮاﺳﺪ.

The main aim of the present paper is indicating the social role of philosophy according to two Muslim thinkers, namely Abonasr Farabi and Jamal Al-din Asad Abadi. The social role of philosophy is firmly related to its function and its status among other types of knowledge. Based on our literature review, four dimensions of social role of philosophy include the status of philosophy, expectations from philosophy, the right of philosophy, and the needed norms of philosophy. We reviewed the most important books written by Farabi and Asad Abadi comparatively and benefited from content analysis technique. We found the main social role of philosophy according to both thinkers is indicating the prosperity path and moderation of both individual and society. Therefore, philosophy is not just a theoretical knowledge; it is an applied knowledge. But who is responsible in terms of applying philosophy? Farabi believes this responsibility is on the shoulders of “prime boss” who is expected to use rational and logical methods. Asad Abadi, on the other hand, insisted on scientists, leaders and philosophers who are equipped by rational method of thought (even poetry) inspired by Quran. According to Farabi an important problem is disparity of Muslim’s societies. Hence, he rejects any disruptive knowledge. By contrast, he is interested in enhancing solidarity through the logical and rational way of thought, which is philosophy. Asad Abadi focuses on deprivation and poverty and his solution to the problem is philosophy which helps to find moderation point in life of individual, group and society.