علل و مراحل تعريب و اصلاح مسكوكات اسلامي با تاكيد بر دوره عبدالملك بن مروان اموي (86-65 ه . ق/705-684)

The Reasons for and Stages of Correcting and Arabicizing the Islamic Coins with an Emphasis on the Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan's Era

با گسترش فتوحات، انبوهي از سكه هاي فارسي، قبطي و يوناني وارد سرزمين هاي اسلامي شدند.اين مسكوكات، از نظر وزن و عيار و نقوش و تصاوير، متفاوت بودند. برخي از خلفا و حكام مسلمان تلاش هاي به منظور تعريب و ساماندهي اين مسكوكات انجام دادند. اما اوج اين اقدامات در عهد عبدالملك بن مروان (65-86ه.ق /684-705م) بوده است. در اين دوره مسكوكات دينار و درهم و فلس تعريب و اصلاح شدند. يكنواختي در ضرب سكه و تعريب آن نتيجه اين حركت اصلاحي به شمار مي آيد. اين روند تابع عوامل مالي و اقتصادي جهت درآمدزايي دولتي و صيانت از جعل سكه طلا، سياسي به منظور رفع وابستگي جامعه اسلامي به سكه هاي ايراني و بيزانسي و عامل ديني پرداخت سكه سالم و غير مغشوش در بخش هاي شرعي نظير زكات و خمس و ديه بوده است. در اين پژوهش سعي مي گردد به سير تعريب و علل و عوامل موثر و نيز نتايج مترتب بر آن پرداخته شود.

With the expansion of territories, great amounts of Persian, Coptic, and Greek coins entered the Islamic countries. These coins were different in terms of weight, purity, images, and carvings. Some of the Khalifs and Muslim rulers made efforts to Arabicize and organize these coins. The peak of these actions was during the rule of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (65-86 A.H./684-705 AD). At this time, some coins such as Dinar, Dirham, and Follis were Arabicized and corrected. Identical coinage and Arabicizing them were the results of this correction movement. This process was influenced by the financial and economic factors to increase the government revenues and prevent the forging of the gold coins. Elimination of Islamic society's dependence on Iranian and Byzantine coins was among the political factors. Paying Zakat, Khums and blood money with complete and unhurt coins was among the religious factors. This study tries to examine the process of Arabicizing and the influential factors, causes, and consequences related to this phenomenon.