بازخواني رابطۀ حقوق و ايدئولوژي در پرتو مطالعات ميان‌رشته‌اي

The Read Out of the Relationship between Law and Ideology in the Light of Interdisciplinary Studies

رابطـة حقـوق و ايدئولـوژي ، مسـئله اي پيچيـده و مناقشـه برانگيز اسـت . ايـن موضـوع تـا حـد زيـادي ناشـي از تفـاوت ديـدگاه دربـاره تعريـف مفاهيـم ايدئولـوژي و حقـوق و همچنيـن راه هـاي مختلفـي اسـت كـه ايـن دو بـه هـم مرتبط مي شـوند. در اين بين ، ناهمگونـي ادبيات موجود دربـاره ايدئولوژي ، بيشـترين سـهم را بـه خـود اختصـاص داده اسـت . بـر ايـن اسـاس ، بـه منظـور تبييـن رابطـه حقـوق و ايدئولوژي ، ابتدا رويكردهاي متفاوت نسـبت به مفهوم ايدئولوژي و همچنين تعاريف عام و خاص آن ، از طريـق مطالعـات ميان رشـته اي تبييـن شـده و سـپس مفهوم منتخـب نگارنده از ايدئولـوژي ارائه ميگـردد. در ادامـه ، نظريه هـاي مربـوط بـه رابطـة حقـوق و ايدئولـوژي ذيـل سـه عنـوان كلـي اسـتقلال حقوق ، خادميت حقوق و تاثيرپذيري آن دسته بندي مي شود. بررسي نظريه هاي يادشده حاكي از اين اسـت كه نظرية اسـتقلال در اثبات خودبسـندگي حقوق ، توفيقي نداشـته و عقيده خادميت نيز قـادر بـه پاسـخگويي به پرسـش هاي اساسـي دربـاره ادعاهايش ، نبـوده و همچنين ، نظريـة تاثيرپذيري از درك تاثيـر متقابـل حقـوق بـر ايدئولـوژي غفلـت كـرده اسـت . بااين حـال ، ديـدگاه مبتني بـر رابطـة متقابـل حقـوق و ايدئولـوژي ، ضمـن مفـروض گرفتـن تعريـف خاصـي از ايدئولـوژي ، توجـه مـا را بـه اهميت مولفه هاي سياسـي و جامعه شناسـانه در فهم و تفسـير حقوق جلب كرده و نقش حقوق را در تغييـر فرهنـگ سياسـي و ايدئولـوژي حاكـم بـر جامعه ، خاطرنشـان مي سـازد.

The interaction between law and ideology is both complex and contentious. This stems from differences in opinions on the definitions of the two concepts and the various ways in which ideology and law might be related to one another. Moreover, the existing diversity in the literature concerning ideology takes the biggest share of the blame. Hence, to clarify the relationship between ideology and law, one must first do an interdisciplinary study of the existing approaches towards the concept of ideology, as well as its general and specific definitions, and ultimately, the selected definition of ideology must be presented. The theories regarding the relationship between ideology and law may be divided into three categories, namely, autonomy of law, subordination of law to the ideology, and the influence of ideology. Interdisciplinary studies show that the first theory has not been successful in proving the autonomy of law. Likewise, the second theory has failed to address and respond to substantial issues as to its claims. Lastly, the influence of ideology theory has failed to deal with how ideology has been reciprocally affected by law. Nevertheless, the idea advocating the reciprocal relationship between law and ideology, while assuming a particular meaning of ideology, has drawn our attention to the importance of political and sociological factors in understanding law, highlighting the role of law in changes in the prevailing political culture and the dominant ideology in the society