بررسي و مقايسۀ مرثيۀ سه نسل از شاعران معاصر

Surveying and Comparing Elegy from Three Generation of Contemporary Poets

مرثيه يا سوگسرود از ديرينه ترين انواع ادبي و درونمايه هاي شعري بحساب مي ­آيد كه در گذر زمان اشكال متعددي بخود ديده است. در اين مقاله با بررسي آثار و سروده هاي جمعي از شاعران معاصر، با تحولات و دگرگونيهاي ساختاري و معنايي اين گونۀ ادبي، در روزگارِ نوين آشنا ميشويم. شاعراني كه در نظر گرفته شده اند از سه نسل مختلف با انديشه هاي متفاوت و خاصّ خود، شامل شش سخنور ميباشند: ملك الشعراي بهار و محمدحسين شهريار دو شاعر كهنگرا، مهدي اخوان ثالث و احمد شاملو شاعراني نو انديش با گرايشهاي فكري خاصّ خود، عليرضا قزوه و قيصر امين پور بعنوان شاعران انقلابي. جامعۀ آماري مورد تحقيق تمامي آثار آنان ميباشد. در اين بررسي كه بشيوۀ كتابخانه اي با روش فيش برداري انجام شد، پس از استخراج تمامي مراثي آنان و تجزيه و تحليل هر يك از اين اشعار، نتايجي بدست آمد كه عبارتند از: الف) بررسي بسامد مرثيه در سروده هاي شاعران مذكور و مشخص كردن تعداد مرثيه در سروده هاي هريك از اين سخنوران ب) بررسي خصايص و ويژگيهاي زباني هر شاعر در مرثيه هايش ج) بررسي مخاطبان مرثيه ها؛ كه نتايج حاصله در اين بخش عاملي شد كه بتوان اين اشعار را در زيرمجموعه هاي متعددي از جمله: 1. مراثي شخصي 2. مراثي ديني 3. مراثي اجتماعي 4. مراثي انقلابي و ... تقسيم كرد.

Marsiya or Elegy is considered as one of the oldest literary types and poetic themes which have experienced various forms over the time. This essay has been done with the aim of studying and examining works and poems of some contemporary poets, in order to get to know with structural and semantic changes and evolutions of this literary type in modern times. Poets that have been considered for this research are from three different generationsWith their own different thoughts including six lecturers: Malek al-shoara Bahar and Mohammad Hossein Shahryar as two archaic poets, Mehdi Akhavan Sales and Ahmad Shamlou as intellectual poets with their own specific intellectual orientations, and Alireza Ghazveh and Qeysar Aminpour as revolutionary poets, the population contains all of their published. In this examination which has been done based on the library research with note-taking method, after taking out all of their elegies and analyzing each of them, the results have been concluded in the form of research findings including: a) determining statistical frequency of elegy in poetries of the mentioned poets and specifying the number of elegy in poetries of each of these lecturers, b) determining lingual features and characteristics of each poet in their elegies, c) determining audience of elegies that the obtained results in this section caused to be able to categorize these poems in various sub-divisions including: 1. Personal elegy, 2. Religious elegy, 3. Social elegy, 4. Revolutionary elegy, and etc.