Human Rights and Citizen Rights on the Opinion of the Middle Eastern Islamic States

Human Rights and Citizen Rights on the Opinion of the Middle Eastern Islamic States

حقوق بشر و حقوق شهروندي از حقوق ذاتي و طبيعي انسان نشأت گرفته و در طول تاريخ بين انديشمندان مناطق مختلف جهان و همچنين در مكاتب الهي توجه خاصي به آنها شده است. اما متاسفانه تا پايان جنگ جهاني دوم حقوق بشر بصورت گسترده اقبالي كسب ننمود. اگر چه با اعلاميه جهاني حقوق بشر سال 1948 و ديگر كنوانسيون هاي مربوطه، حقوق بشر شكل جهان شمولي بخود گرفته ولي هنوز بسياري از دولتهاي خاورميانه حاضر به پذيرش تمامي بندهاي آن نمي باشند. آنها با اظهار اينكه برخي از قوانين حقوق بشر جهاني در تضاد با آموزه هاي قرآني است، از انجام تعهدات حقوق بشري و حقوق شهروندي شانه خالي مي كنند. حقوق شهروندي آن بخش از حقوق انسان ها را شامل مي گردد كه در قانون اساسي كشورهايشان شكل ملي بخود مي گيرد و فقط شامل شهروندان خود آن كشور خاص مي شود. تصويب قانون اساسي جمهوري اسلامي با اصول 19، 23، 24، 26، 32، 47 و ... كه برخي از قوانين حقوق بشري و شهروندي را در خود گنجانيد، سبب اين اميد شد كه ملت ايران پس از مدتها دوباره به حقوق بشر و حقوق شهروندي دست يابند. چگونگي پذيرش و انطباق حقوق بشري و شهروندي با قوانين شرعي و نحوه آموزش و انتقال آگاهي به ملتهاي خاورميانه براي طلب آنها از مهمترين وظايف دولتهاي ناحيه مي باشد.

Human rights and Citizen rights are both derived from natural and inherent rights of all people and historically have been uniquely addressed among the various world thinkers. However until the end of the Second World War the idea of human rights did not find a place in a wider arena of thought. Although with the declaration of human rights in 1948 and owing to other related conventions, human rights became world-wide phenomena and many governments in the Middle East still have not accepted all its clauses. These governments having stated that some aspects of the world human right laws are at odds with the Koranic teachings balk at carrying out their duties with respect to human and citizen rights. Citizen’s rights are those class of people’s rights which are given as national rights according to the constitution of relevant countries and as such cover only the citizens of the relevant nations. The passage of the constitution of the I.R.I which had contained the equal rights and citizen’s rights had generated great hope that the people of Iran will again after much time regain their human rights and citizen’s rights. The manner that these rights are accepted and are made to coexist with the Sharia and the way the populace of the nations in the Middle East are taught and informed on their quest for human rights and citizen’s rights are among the most noteworthy guides of their governments in carrying out its relevant duties.