اقدام پژوهي براي تغيير رفتار تغذيه‬ اي و وزن‬ گيري زنان باردار مراجعه كننده به مراكز بهداشتي درماني شهرستان اردبيل از طريق مشاوره، سال 92-91

Nutritional Behavior and Weight Gain Change in Pregnant Women by Counseling, in Ardabil Health Centers: An Action Research Study

زمينه و هدف: آموزش صحيح تغذيه دوران بارداري يكي از برنامه هاي جامع بهداشت باروري محسوب مي شود، هدف از اين مطالعه راه اندازي مركز مشاوره و تعيين تاثير مداخله آموزشي تغذيه توسط كارشناس تغذيه بر آگاهي و رفتار تغذيه اي زنان باردار بود. روش كار: اين مطالعه به روش اقدام پژوهي در سال 1391 انجام گرفت.510 مادر باردار به روش آسان انتخاب و به طور تصادفي به دو گروه مداخله (213) و كنترل (197) تقسيم و آموزشهاي تغذيه اي را دريافت نمودند. آگاهي و رفتار تغذيه اي قبل و بعد از مداخله ارزيابي و با استفاده از نرم افزار spss-16 و آزمونهاي آماري مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفتند. يافته ها: اختلاف نمره آگاهي و رفتار تغذيه اي زنان باردار در دو گروه پس از مداخله از نظر آماري معنيدار بود (001/0p<). بر اساس نتايج بدست آمده، وزن گيري مادران در گروه مداخله كمتر از حد طبيعي غيرمتناسب با شاخص توده بدني ابتداي مطالعه 9/47 درصد بود كه در انتهاي مطالعه به 3/3 درصد كاهش يافت و در گروه كنترل از 8/54 درصد به 8/36 درصد كاهش يافت. وزن گيري مادران بيشتر از حد طبيعي غيرمتناسب با شاخص توده بدني قبل و بعد در گروه مداخله به ترتيب 50.1 و 5/0 درصد و در گروه كنترل به ترتيب 8/41 و 1/35 درصد و اختلاف بين دو گروه معني دار بود (001/0p<). نتيجه گيري: احداث و استمرار مركز مشاوره تغذيه در ساير مراكز بهداشتي- درماني توصيه مي گردد.

Background & Objectives: Proper and adequate education during pregnancy is one of the comprehensive goals in reproductive health care programs ,but it had no sufficient effect on nutritional behavior and weight gain in pregnant women of Ardabil. Methods: This study was conducted as an action research program consisting of 2 phases. First establishing a consulting center, and then participating pregnant mothers in nutritional education program. Abotaleb health center along with its accessory stations and because of its suitable condition for study was selected for our research setup and because one of the senior managers - health centers was included in this study, steps were done with greater ease. 510 women referring to Ardabil health centers were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly allocated to the experiment (n=210) and control (n=197) groups. Education program performed according to the standard protocol of the Ministry of Health in nutrition counseling (15 sessions), and the control group received usual education by midwives in the same center. Data were gathered using a researcher made questionnaire including, nutritional knowledge, and behavior before and after study and analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Results: There was no significant differences in terms of demographic (age, job, education..) between the two groups(p>0.05). At baseline, there was no significant differences in nutritional knowledge and behavior scores (p>0.05). After the intervention, results were significantly higher in the experiment group than those in the control group in terms of the knowledge and behavior (p<0.001). Other results demonstrated that in experiment group low weight gain (mismatch with BMI) respectively before and after study was 47.9% and 3.3% and in control group was 54.8% and 36.8%. Weight gain was significantly suitable in the experiment group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that the operation educational consulting center was effective in promoting nutritional knowledge and behavior of pregnant women. Therefore, it is recommended to implement and continue this program in other health centers.