پديد آورندگان :
زارعي، غلامرضا دانشگاه صنعتي اصفهان - مركز زبان , خالصي، محمود اداره اموزش و پرورش اصفهان , پورقاسميان، حسين دانشگاه صنعتي قم - مركز زبان
كليدواژه :
انگليسي به عنوان زبان بين المللي , تراكم فرهنگي , جهاني شدن , چيرگي فرهنگي , زبان انگليسي
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه، زبان انگليسي به عنوان يك وسيلة ارتباطي گسترده، جزئي جدايي ناپذير از جريانِ جهاني شدن است. حساسيت‌هاي موجود پيرامونِ گسترشِ نامتقارن و تسلطِ اين زبان بر سراسر جهان، پژوهشگران را به سمتِ ارائۀ مدل‌هاي بي طرفانة آموزش زبان انگليسي كشانده‌است. الگوهاي ارائه شده، بر ماهيت چندفرهنگه‌بودن و يا تهي‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌بودنِ زبان انگليسي از ارزش‌هاي فرهنگي تأكيد دارند. در حالي‌كه وضعيت كنونيِ زبان انگليسي و سير تحولات در مسير جهاني‌شدن نشان مي‌دهد كه اين زبان هم‌چنان گسترشِ نگرش‌ها و عقيده‌هاي ويژه‌اي را به صورت يك‌جانبه دنبال مي‌كند. بر اين مبنا، پژوهش حاضر دو هدف اصلي را پيگيري مي‌نمايد؛ نخست، موضوع جهاني شدن و نقش زبان انگليسي در اين جريان و نامناسب بودن جايگاه زبان انگليسي به عنوان زبان بين‌المللي تحليل خواهد شد. براي تبيين اين موضوع، تأثيرات چيرگيِ فرهنگيِ ناشي از زبان انگليسي مطرح شده و راه‌كارهايي براي تقليل تأثير سلطه فرهنگي زبان انگليسي ارائه مي‌گردد. دوم، ميزان تراكم و يا حجم مؤلفه‌هاي فرهنگي در مجموعه كتاب‌هاي اينترچنج -كه كاربرد گستردة بين‌المللي در حوزه آموزش زبان انگليسي به غيرِ انگليسي زبان‌ها دارند، به صورت تحليل محتوا بررسي خواهد شد. يافته‌هاي اين تحليل، نشان دهندة وجود تمايل ها، فرضيه ها و تعصب هاي يك‌سويه اي است كه همگي ريشه در فرهنگ غرب دارند اين امر، خود، موضوع بين‌المللي بودن زبان انگليسي در قالبي غيرِ جهت‌دار و بي‌طرفانه را به چالش مي‌كشد. در نهايت، يافته‌هاي پژوهشِ حاضر، مي‌تواند مبنايي براي بررسي كيفي بيشتر موضوع هايي از اين قبيل باشد و حتي به عنوان چارچوبي براي ايجاد حساسيت لازم براي فرگيران و دست‌اندركاران در آموزش زبان انگليسي به كار گرفته شود.
چكيده لاتين :
English enjoys a unique place in the process of globalization, of which many other languages are deprived. In commerce, science, technology, politics and cultural relations English has an undeniable presence and influence. To mitigate the dominating role of the English language and to alleviate the challenging attitudes towards this language, a few models have been proposed which mostly emphasize the global nature of English and attempt to ignore its cultural interactions and impacts. Globalization in its present form is a model and way of life imposed upon the world by the U.S and the other western countries which share a great deal of cultural similarities. English serves as a medium for boosting the cultural impact of the western countries such as U.S and England upon the world. Through the English language, thoughts, cultural values and traditions of the western nations are propagated in the world, which leads to the hegemony of the western culture. This form of globalization does not conform with globalization which is defined as sharing the values and notions of all cultures and nations. In fact, this tendency may lead to the hegemony of one language and its associated culture over other languages and cultures. It seems that the more a language is employed in various social, economic or military situations, the more its hegemony reveals itself in international affairs. The power of the English language is closely associated with the GNP of the U.S and England. Economic power leads to military power and paves the way for colonialism and imperialism. As the recent history reveals, the colonies had to learn English because it meant survival in a changing world. Additionally, the new colonialism is forcing the people of all nations which want to have a share in the globalization process to adopt the same strategy, which means to speak English. Nowadays, English is employed as the language of the international organizations and financial bodies, the language of science and technology, the language of trade and economy, the language of international law and judiciary systems, the language of tourism, media, higher education, etc. Globally, English is the language of the top fifty scientific journals of the world which are published in the U.S and England. At the same time, the greatest bulk of the published materials are in English.
On the basis of the discussion, English as a means through which globalization process is spreading has turned out as threatening other languages and cultures. The domination of this language has thus been associated with the hegemony that English speaking countries, especially United Sates, are exerting across the world. This hegemony has sometimes been very radically interpreted as linguistic genocide resulting in the destruction and extinction of other languages. In order to fight the challenges posed by the unilateral dissemination of the English Language, some scholars have been stimulated to think up new models for the English language, all of which lay an emphasis on the global identity of English as a multicultural and value-free medium. Despite all the attempts made, the status quo does not seem far removed. The present article is thus intended to argue that the growing prevalence of English worldwide is the growth of a specific thought and culture, with globalization as an asymmetrical pattern for world convergence, not contributing to the universality of the language. To that end, the paper first theoretically brings to the fore the significant changes occurring to the advantage of the English language showing that the neutral models attempted to account for the fair role of the language cannot be justifiably explained. In other words, it is argued that the top-down force of the economy and sociopolitical power of the US has pushed aside much of the linguistic and cultural diversity. To concretize the argument, the paper presents a content analysis of Interchange Series to unfold the unilateral cultural density of the books. The findings reveal that the Interchange Series are fraught with the lopsided views of culture defining features such as ‘values, norms, carrier agents of cultures, and cultural products’ which are detected in the books. The results substantiate the theoretical stance of English Language unilateralism elaborated above, and the hegemonic effects it is assumed to exert on the learners of the language.
