قواعد انصاف در نظام كامن لا

ArticleTitle>MAXIMS OF EQUITY

انصاف به عنوان بخش دوم حقوق در نظام كامن لا از تاريخ و ويژگي هاي مهم و قابل توجه برخوردار است. تقابل اولية اين بخش از حقوق با كامن لا و تلاشي كه در ابتدا هر يك براي عقب راندن ديگري به عمل آورد، سبب شد تا حقوق انگلستان به نوعي ميان اين دو تقسيم گرديده و هر يك متكفل بخشي از حقوق در نظام كامن لا گرديدند. انصاف در طول مدت حضور خود قواعد متعدد را پايه گذاري كرده است كه مبناي تشخيص و رسيدگي آن به دعاوي قرار مي گيرند. اين مقاله تلاش دارد تا اين قواعد را معرفي كرده و مباني آن را بيان نمايد.

The courts of equity in England have evolved some principles in Latin which later was translated into English. These were called Maxims of Equity. Maxims of Equity were developed during the centuries. Courts of Equity were in power to hear and determine disputes in which the Courts of Law could not grant requested relief. These courts were first presided by the King’s chancellor who held “the King’s Conscience” and heard the complaints for equitable relief. To decide a case, these courts considered a body of law or jurisprudence developed which was later phrased in the form of maxims. During centuries these maxims were evolved and its numbers grow. However today the main body of maxims consists of 12 main rules.