هرمنوتيك انتقادي؛ امكان‌سنجي حصول توافق بر روي مفاهيم و ارزش‌هاي متعارض

Theoretical features of critical hermeneutics are to overcome the challenge of conflicting interpretations of the dominant global values

وﺟﻬﯽ از ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ ﺷـﺪن ، ﻫﮋﻣـﻮن ﺷـﺪن ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ از ارزش ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻏـﺮب و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ دوم درﺻـﺪد ﮔﺴـﺘﺮش آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد از ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻈﻤﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﻪ ارزش-ﻫﺎي ﻟﯿﺒﺮاﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻈﻢ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﺒـﻖ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺳـﯿﺮ ﻏﺮﺑـﯽ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ داده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻌـﺎرض در ﺑـﺎب ارزشﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻋﺼﺮ ﮐﻨـﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﺳـﻮال اﺻـﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان راهﺣﻠـﯽ ﻧﻈـﺮي ﺑـﺮاي ﻋﺒـﻮر از ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﺗﻔﺎﺳـﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرض از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ارزشﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ؟ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ اﺑﺘـﺪا ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ارزشﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽاﻧﺪ را درﯾـﺎﺑﯿﻢ ، ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮض وﺟﻮد ارزشﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﺮاي اﺟﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. راه ﺣﻞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻃﺮح ﯾﮏ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرض و ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و ارزشﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎي ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿـﮏ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي (رﻫﺎﯾﯽﺑﺨﺶ) اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ اﺗﺨـﺎذ ﯾـﮏ روش ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺪاوم، ﺑﺎزاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽﻫﺎ و ادراﮐﺎت ﺑﯿﻦاﻻذﻫـﺎﻧﯽ؛ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮاﻓﻖﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرتﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﯽﺷـﻮﻧﺪ و اﯾـﻦ روﯾﮑـﺮد ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﻊ ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﺮان و ﻏﺮب را ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ و ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ و آنﻫـﺎ را از ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻣﯿﺮاث ﺑﯽﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ و رﻫﺎﯾﯽﺑﺨﺸﯽ رﻫﻨﻤﻮن ﮐﻨﺪ.

An aspect of globalization is the hegemony of some of the values ​​that the West and especially the United States have been seeking to expand after World War II. This globalization approach seeks to establish a system based on a series of liberal values, and the political, economic, and cultural order is promoted in line with Western interpretations. For this reason, the challenge of conflicting interpretations of global values ​​seems to be one of the most important challenges of the present era. The main question of this article is how can we find a theoretical pathway to overcome the challenge of conflicting interpretations of global concepts and values? Accordingly, in the present paper, we first try to find out the challenges of the so-called global values, then we will show that there is no guarantee of execution for global values. The solution presented in this paper is the design of an epistemic basis for dealing with conflicting interpretations and an agreement on global concepts and values ​​based on critical (relief) hermeneutics. The hypothesis of this paper is that by adopting a hermeneutic method based on continuous communication actions, rethinking and interpersonal perceptions, understandings and agreements, this approach can serve the interests of other perspectives Including, inter alia, Iran and the West, and, albeit in relative terms, lead them from the continuation of the everlasting legacy of history to reconciliation and liberation.