هنجارگريزي آوايي در مثنوي هاي سنايي

Phonetic deviation in Sana ee's Mathnavies

پژوهش حاضر بر آن است كه خصيصه هاي زيبايي شناختي را در مثنوي هاي سنايي از حيث فنون آوايي بررسي كند؛ بدين منظور، از نظريات نوين زبان شناسي و ادبي مناسب با اثر بهره جسته است. نظريه هنجارگريزي يكي از اين نظريات ادبي است كه نخستين بار «ليچ» آن را ارائه كرد. هنجارگريزي از مهم ترين عوامل پيدايش سبك ادبي است. در اين تحقيق، براي رسيدن به پاسخ اين پرسش كه سنايي چگونه هنجارگريزي آوايي را ابزاري براي آفرينش ادبي قرار داده است، مثنوي هاي او، شامل حديقه الحقيقه، سيرالعباد، عقل نامه، عشق نامه، سنايي آباد، تحريمه القلم، طريق التحقيق و كارنامه بلخ بر پايه اين نظريه بررسي شده است. در اين بررسي، اين مثنوي ها از لحاظ انواع زيرمجموعه هاي هنجارگريزي آوايي، مانند ابدال، اشباع، تخفيف و... سنجيده شد. بر پايه نتايج تحقيق، مي توان گفت كه سنايي از اين توانايي زبان براي زيبايي شعر خويش بهره برده است. افزون بر اين، سنايي صرفا بنابر ضرورت وزني دست به هنجارگريزي نزده است، بلكه گاهي هنجارگريزي را براي ايجاد صنايع بديعي ، مانند سجع، جناس و... به كار برده و زيبايي هاي ادبي آفريده است. بر اساس يافته هاي اين پژوهش، در اشعار سنايي، پربسامدترين هنجارگريزي آوايي، فرآيند تخفيف و كم بسامدترين آن، فرآيند تشديد است. همچنين، به نسبت تعداد ابيات هر مثنوي، مثنوي عقل نامه بيشترين و مثنوي حديقه كمترين هنجارگريزي آوايي را در خود داشته اند.

One of the important fields of research and study which recently has been absorbed a lot of attention is Persian literature review, based on new theories of linguistics and literature. The theory of ‘‘deviation of norm’’ is one of these theories which the first time was offered by “Leech”. It is also one of the main causes of emerging literary style. In the current study, to answer the question of how “Sana’ee’’ has benefited of phonetic deviation of norm in literary creation, His Mathnavies, includes Hadiqat al Haqiqa, Seyr-Al-ebad, Aghl Nameh, Esgh Nameh, Sana’ee Abad, Tahrimat al Ghalam, Tariqat al Tahqiq and Karnam-e-Balkh have been reviewed based on this theory. Hakim Sana’ee is a great poet and mystic Sublime of the sixth century and is the absolute masters of Persian poetry. He was born in the mid or early of the second half of the fifth century in Ghazni. He is the first poet who has entered Sufi and Qalandaris terminology into poetry. According to topic he used verses and Hadith in his poetry as well as medicine, astronomy, and Thaphsir. Sana’ee's works include: Koliat-e-Divan, Hadiqat al Haqiqa (Fakhi Nameh or Ilahi Nameh), Karnameh-e-Balkh (Motaie Nameh), Sial Ibad Ilal Maead, Tahrimat al Ghalam and Sana’ee’Makatib. Other works that apparently referred to Sana’ee include: Tariqat al Tahqiq, Aql Nameh, Eshq Nameh and Sana’ee Abad. To do this, such Mathnavies were examined in terms of referrals of phonetic deviation of norm, such as abdal, saturation, discount, etc. Anonymous poem should be fluent and beautiful views. Both form and meaning must be good without blemish. The word has a great importance in his poetry. an‎d if he wants to employ a word in his poetry, rhyme restriction does not prohibit him from doing so. By checking out his lyrics it was cleared that, like other poets, in case of necessity rhyme he has used phonetic ’deviation of norm’ and in some cases phonetic ’deviation of norm’ has been used in order to create innovative array to increase music lyrics more effective. The innovation in this field means that causes the rhetorical cohesion through makes the word of literary phonetic and musical relationships. In fact, the poet with the using it in the poetry rhetorical figure has established a strong link between the words as well as creating a kind of music in word. According to the results, in Sana’ee’poems Litotes is the most frequent phonetic deviation of norm and intensification process is the least frequent one. Despite such literary status, the Aql nameh Mathnavies, by no means cannot be compared with Hadiqat Masnavi, Sana’ee has applied the largest number of phonetic deviation of Norm in this work. While Hadiqat has highest number of phonetic deviation of norm namely 3697 but in proportion of literature, has the last place of using deviation of norm. Perhaps Sana’ee became more mature in language and literature of words, phonetic deviation of norm that was related to the exigencies of rhyme and rhythm, has been further weakened in his the poem. Sana’ee has benefited from all subsets vocal deviation of norm in his poetry. Litotes is the most frequent phonetic deviation of Norm and intensification process is the least frequent one.