كليدواژه :
سلامت , چهارگانه سلامت , بُعدهاي سلامت , ابعاد سلامت
چكيده فارسي :
آموزش طبّ كنوني فقط به جسم؛ و به ميزان كمتري به روان و مسايل اجتماعي ميپردازد و ارتباطي با بُعد معنوي انسان برقرار
نميكند، پس هم بُعدهاي سالمت بيماران را بهطور كامل بررسي نميكند و هم در مراقبتهاي پزشكي، سالمت كامل را براي انسانها
تأمين نميكند، چون منشأ بسياري از نارضايتي بيماران، افراد جامعه و نيز خود پزشكان از مراقبتهاي بهداشتي درماني را ميتوان در
اين نكته جستجو نمود.
به يقين، براي كساني كه طب را به آن نحو فرا گرفتهاند، بسيار دشوار است كه اهميت ارتباط بين بُعد سالمت معنوي با ساير
بُعدهاي سالمت و لزوم ورود آن در آموزش پزشكي و مراقبتهاي بهداشتي درماني را به سادگي درك كنند؛ چرا كه استادان آنها براي
دهههاي متوالي فقط به مسايل جسمي انسان توجه كردهاند و بهبودي مستمر و طوالني مدت در همهي بُعدهاي انساني، در زمرهي
هدفهاي پزشكي آنها نبوده است. ولي شواهد علمي جديد كه در قالب نگارش و انتشار مقالههاي تحقيقاتي و كتابهاي ارزندهي
علمي عرضه شده، ارتباط تنگاتنگ و تأثيرگذار سالمت معنوي با ديگر بُعدهاي سالمت، يعني سالمت جسمي، اجتماعي و رواني را به
وضوح نشان ميدهد و همچنين سبب شده است مؤسسههاي پزشكي به درنظر گرفتن سالمت معنوي در آموزش پزشكيِ مراقبتهاي
بهداشتي- درماني، رو كنند. در كشورهاي آمريكا و كانادا مراجع ذيربط، بارها از گروههاي مراقبت بهداشتي- درماني خواستهاند كه به
نيازها و ارزشهاي معنوي بيماران در هنگام دادن خدمات، توجه ويژه داشته باشند. در سال 1111 ،فقط سه دانشكدهي پزشكي در
آمريكا درسهاي مذهبي و معنوي داشتهاند ولي در سال 1002 ،بيشتر از 100 دانشكده از 141 دانشكدهي پزشكي آمريكا و كانادا،
اين درسها را آموزش ميدهند كه در 00 درصدِ آنها، اين واحدهاي درسي اجباري است. برخي دانشكدههاي پزشكي )مانند دانشگاه
كانزاس سيتيميسوري( درسهاي عملي سالمت معنوي را نيز با كمك كشِشها و ديگر افراد براي دانشجويان پزشكي فراهم كردهاند.
دانشجوياني كه در ابتدا خيلي مايل نبودند دورههاي عملي را بگذرانند، پس از كسب مهارت، آن را در عرضهي خدمات بهداشتي-
درماني، بسيار مثبت و مفيد دانستهاند.
چكيده لاتين :
Today’s medical education focuses mainly on physical health and certain aspects of psychological and social
dimensions of health. Most medical and other schools in the domain of health sciences do not include the spiritual
dimension of health in their syllabi and unfortunately health educators fail to give this essential aspect of health the
importance it duly deserves; thus many patients remain discontented, and hopeless, a condition detrimental to their
prognosis and recovery.
Graduates of schools related to health science lack insight into the importance of the spiritual dimension of health,
despite much recent evidence indicating the strong association between this dimension and the three other dimensions
of health, i.e. physical, social and psychological. This undisputable fact has today obligated many health organizations,
in particular in the United States (US) and Canada to strongly advise health management teams to pay more attention to
the compelling spiritual and religious needs of their clients.
In 1992, only 3 medical schools in the US offered some education in spiritual health, while by 2006 more than 100
medical schools had included such courses in their curriculum and in 70% of these schools the courses were mandatory.
In some schools the students experienced practical learning with the help of priests, an experience, which most of them
rated as excellent and positive.
Nowadays, delivering spiritual services to the patient faces many hurdles. Although many physicians and health
personals acknowledge the very close relationship between spiritual and other dimensions of health, majority of them
do not offer spiritual care to their clients. One study has shown that 77% of patients desire spiritual care; however
another reports that 52% of nurses prefer not to pray with their patients, 66% are not familiar with the religious and
spiritual aspects of patients’ needs and a minority simply does not sympathize with or connect to their patient’s reliance
on the Creator.
The main reasons for this lack of desire to offer spiritual care include.
1. Inadequate or a total lack of related knowledge and/or previous education on the subject.
2. Lack of confidence and ability.
3. Not enough time to even seriously consider this aspect of health.
4. Wrong beliefs that hospital and clinics are inappropriate places to deliver spiritual care.
5. Misconceptions that discussing spiritual issues is not scientific.
In conclusion, spiritual health is one of the four dimensions of health, and physicians, nurses and other health personnel
should be familiar with all four dimensions of health and must consider the spiritual, social, physical and psychological
aspects of health in the delivery of preventive and curative services to their clients. It is emphasized that major revisions
in the curriculum of medical schools and other health related schools and in continuing medical education programs are
in order.
