رويكردي عملياتي در ارزيابي جريان هاي اصلي شكل پايدار شهر با تمركز بر مدل شكل شهر بوم-كارا. مورد پژوهي ريخت-گونه هاي شهر اصفهان

A practical approach to analysis of the generic flows of sustainable urban form with a focus on Eco-Efficient Urban Form (EEUF) model (The case of Isfahan morphological types)

شكل شهر به عنوان واسط ميان انسان و محيط، مظهر و تجسم جريان­هاي شكل دهنده و دگرگون كننده فرم مصنوع است. جريان­هاي انرژي در توليد، استفاده و نگهداشت فرم شهر منجر به شكل­ گيري و دگرديسي شكل شهر مي­شود. فرم مصنوع حاصل از فرآيندها و جريان­هاي ياد شده، فرستنده جريان­هاي اطلاعاتي بصري و ادراكي به انسان به عنوان دريافت كننده است. در تحقيق حاضر تبادلات و تعاملات ميان انسان و محيط زيست او براساس جريان­هاي انرژي مورد نياز دامنه آسايش محيطي (تمركز بر انرژي مورد تقاضا براي گرمايش و سرمايش داخلي فرم مصنوع) و نيز جريان­هاي اطلاعات (بصري) در نظر گرفته مي­شود. اين دو جريان انرژي و اطلاعات(بصري) به عنوان جريان­هاي اصلي و غالب فرم مصنوع در نظر گرفته مي­شوند. در تحقيق تمامي روابط و برهمكنش­ هاي يكپارچه جريان­هاي انرژي و اطلاعات در محتواي شكل شهر براساس مدل نظري شكل شهر بوم _كارا مورد تحليل و بررسي قرار مي­گيرد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف جستجوي روابط يكپارچه دروني ميان جريان­هاي اصلي شكل شهر، دو حالت شاخص بسته شدگي را مورد دقت و ريزبيني قرار مي­دهد. حالت نخست شاخص بسته­ شدگي مبين نقش عناصر عمودي شكل شهر (ساختار سه بعدي محيط هندسي فرم مصنوع) و پخش ايش آنها در عملكردهاي محيطي فرم مصنوع است (لوك آدولف) و حالت دوم مبين نقش عناصر افقي شكل شهر (ساختار دو بعدي محيط هندسي سطوح فرم مصنوع) و پيكره ­بندي هندسي آن در پايداري جريان­هاي اطلاعاتي بصري است (بنديكت). بر اين اساس محتواي ارزيابانه اين تحقيق شامل ريخت_گونه ­هاي نظام ريخت­شناسي شهر اصفهان است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي­دهد كه ميان دو حالت شاخص بسته ­شدگي رابطه معكوس و قوي و از لحاظ آماري معني­دار وجود دارد كه تشريح كننده اين نكته است كه بافت ­هاي قديمي با ساختار ارگانيك داراي پايداري بالاتر محيطي (در فصول سرد سال با توجه به سرماي شديد فصول سرد سال در اقليم گرم و خشك اصفهان ) و همچنين پايداري بالاتر جريان­هاي اطلاعاتي (بصري) است. بنابراين يكپارچگي جريان­هاي بصري (اطلاعات و انرژي) براساس مدل نظري تحقيق در بافت­هاي قديمي با ساختار ارگانيك قابل اثبات است.

As an interface between humans and their peripheral environment, urban form is the embodiment of formative and transformative flows of the built form. Energy flows of urban form production, operation and maintenance lead to the generation and transformation of built form which is the transmitter of information flows, such as visual and perceptual flows, between humans as receptor and the built environment. On this basis, continuous and integrated interactions between humans and the living environment is considered as energy operational flows of environmental comfort (heating and cooling energy demand) and informational flows of perception, cognition and evaluation of the built form (focusing on visual interaction) which are the two generic flows of built form in relation with humans. These relations and interconnections between energy and information flows are excavated based on the Eco Efficient Urban Form (EEUF) model. The present research aims to explore the relationship between these two flows and the built form based on two distinct states of occlusivity factor: distribution of built elements in vertical plane (Adolphe occlusivity factor for operational energy flows), and Benedikt occlusivity factor for visual information flows which demonstrates the interconnections between the horizontal built elements perimeter map and visual sight flows. The analytical content of the study was chosen from the morphological aspects of Isfahan in the form of ten morphological types presenting general morphological trends of Isfahan. With regard to these, results indicate that there is an inverse correlation between the two states of occlusivity: occlusivity in vertical planes for energy performances and occlusivity in horizontal planes for sustainable visual information flows between built form and humans. The results reveal that the fabrics with organic morphological aspects and structure have a higher value in terms of energy performance occlusivisty factor, especially effective for decreasing heating energy demand in cold seasons, and a lower value in terms of isovist occlusivity factor, indicating higher value of isovist compactness leading to coherency in visual information flows. Hence, the results indicate that the integration between two generic flows of sustainable urban form is demonstrable for old tissues with old organic morphological patterns. The main contribution of the study is to confirm the relationship and interconnection between generic flows of energy and information as the key content of EEUF model. The research is focused on the operational mode of energy flows (indoor energy demand) and the visual interactions of information flows. Finally, future research should therefore concentrate on the investigation of the integrity between perceptional aspects of urban form and outdoor environmental comfort as the main characteristics of urban form environmental performance in the form of EEUF model. It is worth to mention that the study is mostly focused on the environmental performance and morphological configuration in hot and arid climate. Therefore, other effective parameters such as structures, visual proportion of vertical facades, aesthetic aspects, meaning of place, environmental preferences, sense of place, etc. necessitate further investigations in the future. Reanalysis of the study model according to the new types of morphological units and other climates as well as addressing perceptional aspects can provide valuable results for developing sustainable urban form frameworks.