پديد آورندگان :
آصفي، مازيار دانشگاه هنر اسلامي تبريز , حق پرست، فرزين دانشگاه هنر اسلامي تبريز , قليزاده اورنگ، فرزانه دانشگاه هنر اسلامي تبريز
كليدواژه :
فايبرگلاس , گنبد پيش ساخته , رفتار حرارتي , بتن , آجر
چكيده فارسي :
گنبد در معماري مسجد، عنصر و نمادي مهم تلقي مي شود و بسياري طراحان، علاوه بر مفاهيم نهفته در فضاسازي گنبد، وجود آن را دليلي بر معماري نمادين آيين اسلام مي دانند. از همين رو، مطالعه در حوزه گنبدسازي امري لازم به نظر مي رسد كه امروزه، پيشرفت روش هاي ساخت و اجرا، ضرورت شناخت ساختار آن را دوچندان مي نمايد. در اين ميان در مكاني چون مسجد آسايش كاربر در داخل بنا از منظر تامين وضعيت حداقل، در جهت ارتقاي حالات معنوي نمازگزار، امري لازم است كه در اقليم گرم و خشك نيز به دليل فاصله شرايط طبيعي با محدوده آسايش انساني، اين ضرورت مضاعف مي گردد. به همين منظور، مطالعه حاضر به قياس سه نمونه مصالح در گنبد پيش ساخته پرداخته و متريال سنتي (آجري) را در مقابل ساختار بتني و فايبرگلاس ارزيابي مي نمايد. نحوه پيش ساخته سازي، از جزييات اجرايي شركت Dkdomes كه اجرا كننده بسياري از گنبدها در دنياي اسلام از جمله گنبد مسجد ولايت كوالالامپور است؛ انتخاب گرديده و فرم نمونه ها از مسجد امام اصفهان اتخاذ شده است. رفتار حرارتي به منزله يكي از پارامترهاي موثر در آسايش مخاطب و به عنوان متغير پژوهش انتخاب گرديده و نمونه ها بر اساس تفاوت هاي رفتاري مورد تحليل قرار گرفته اند. روش تحقيق، پس از تحليلي توصيفي از جزييات مطالعات رفتار حرارتي انجام شده تاكنون، در بخش نمونه موردي، كمي، تجربي و بطور دقيق تر محاسبات دقيق است. روند مطالعه، درصدد پاسخ به اين سوال گام برمي دارد كه كدام نوع گنبد، پاسخ بهتري به لحاظ پارامترهاي مورد مطالعه در اقليم گرم و خشك ارائه مي دهد. تحليل ها در دو شهر يزد و اصفهان و با نرم افزار Ecotect انجام يافته و نتايج آن نشان مي دهد از بين دو شهر انتخابي، ساعات آسايش آجر براي شرايط آب و هوايي شهر يزد بيشتر و ساختار بتني گنبد در محدوده شهر اصفهان فراهم آورنده آسايش بيشتر است. بتن در هر دو نمونه تعديل كننده دما بوده و آجر و فايبرگلاس به ترتيب ايجاد كننده تفاوت هاي رفتاري متوسط و بيشينه از منظر تبادلات انرژي در طول ساعات شبانه روز و بصورت سالانه در ساختار گنبدي هر دو شهر به حساب مي آيند
چكيده لاتين :
The mosque has served as a ritual space for Muslims since the emergence of Islam; in every era it has
been designed and constructed based on terms and conditions of performance and the technology.
But there are almost some fixed and unchanged elements that distinguish the mosque from the other
places. In the mosque architecture, the dome is considered as an important symbol and element, and
in addition to the concepts hidden in the space of the dome, many designers suppose its existence
as a reason for the symbolic architecture of Islam. Therefore, the study of the construction of domes
seems necessary, while today the progress of the construction and implementation methods doubles
the need for understanding their structures. Meanwhile, in a place like the mosque, it is required
to provide the user comfort in terms of the minimal situation to improve the spiritual state of the
worshipers, which is needed additionally in the hot and dry climate due to the distance between the
natural conditions and the scope of the human welfare. The mosque is at least a safe place where
the audience or prayer tries to upgrade his/her spiritual modes and preferably in the zones of hot and
dry climate people try twice more to go to the mosque for the development of their spiritual modes
and natural comfort. For this purpose, the present study compares three kinds of materials in the
prefabricated domes and evaluates the traditional materials (brick) in comparison with the concrete
and fiberglass structures. The method of prefabricating was selected from the operational details of
the Dk domes Company that has constructed many domes in the Islamic world, including Wilayah
mosque of Kuala Lumpur and the form of samples was taken from the Imam Mosque of Isfahan.
Thermal behaviour is one of the effective factors for the user comfort and has been selected as the
research variable and the samples were analysed based on the behavioural differences. This study
aims to find which type of dome provides better response in terms of the studied parameters in
hot and dry climates. The paper is to answer the following questions by the utilization of software
analyses:
1) Which dome has appropriate thermal behavior in the hot and dry climate zones?
2) Is it possible to construct a dome such as the dome of The Imam Mosque in Isfahan by the
implementation of the modern systems? The paper has been classified into two sections including- The main subject and the case study
to answer precisely the above questions. Firstly, the concept of the thermal behavior is evaluated;
performance of dome roofs and the thermal studies and then the domes made of prefabricated
concrete, brick and fiberglass are analyzed. The research methodology is descriptive analytic of the
case study, quantitative and empirical aspects of the samples through more precise calculations. The
analyses were done with Ecotect software in the cities of Yazd, and Isfahan and the results show that
in the selected cities, the brick provides more hours of comfort in the climatic conditions of Yazd and
the concrete structure of the dome provides more comfort in Isfahan. In both cases, regarding energy
exchanges in the dome structure during the night and day and the total of the year, the concrete
moderates the temperature and the brick and fiberglass create medium and maximum behavioural
differences respectively.
It is concluded that brick dome structures provide more comfort for the prayers to the mosque for
the advancement of their spiritual modes in Yazd but concrete domes in Isfahan. In both samples,
the concrete is moderator of the temperature; both brick and fiberglass changed the thermal behavior
of the domed roof to average and maximum levels respectively both round-the –clock and annually.
Whereas the concrete always has a mild linear behavior; always develops uniform conditions even
when you need temperature differences to reduce the thermal load in the mosque. It seems that
such a moderate behavior is not so suitable in hot and dry zones for the existence of more powerful
parameters in these zones. The temperature differences are more in hotter and dryer zones at night
and during the day in cold and hot seasons. Concrete can’t provide comfort for the prayers due to
the constant load of thermal energy and the energy convection. The dome roof made of fiberglass
material provides less comfort out of 8760 hours in a year. The concrete dome can produce more
comfort than that of the fiberglass in Isfahan with 0.9 percent difference in comfort condition than
that of the fiberglass. But in Yazd, the difference in comfort condition is 1percent for the domes made
of brick, then it is concluded that the concrete domes provide more comfort for the prayer in Yazd.
Generally, it is concluded that brick is more suitable for hot and dry climate zones; although with
a very trivial change in the weather, the concrete showed better thermal behavior than that of brick
both in Yazd and Isfahan.
