كليدواژه :
معماري مسكوني بومي , بازشناسي بافت هاي سنتي , ريخت شناسي شهري , گونه شناسي معماري
چكيده فارسي :
با وجود پيدايش معماري مدرن و از بين رفتن هويت در ساخت و سازهاي جديد٬ الگوشناسي يكي از موضوعات مهمي است كه سعي در شناخت روش هاي كاربردي جهت دستيابي به عناصر و الگوهاي هويت ساز بومي گذشته و استفاده از آنها در معماري امروز به شكل نوين دارد. بافت هاي مسكوني سنتي به عنوان هسته اوليه تشكيل دهنده شهرها و نيز عناصر و ابنيه معماري موجود در آنها بدون ترديد ميراثي ارزشمند جهت بررسي٬ تحليل و ارائه الگوهاي مناسب معماري بومي هستند. اين پژوهش ابتدا با نگاهي توصيفي- تحليلي مروري خواهد داشت بر مباحث كليدي مطرح و مرتبط با زمينه الگوشناسي در معماري و طراحي شهري و سپس با توجه به مباني نظري بدست آمده٬ فاكتورها كالبدي موثر بر الگوشناسي بافت و ابنيه سنتي مسكوني شناسايي مي شود. در مرحله بعدي ضمن تشريح مفاهيم و شاخص هاي معماري بومي نيشابور از روش تحقيق ميداني جهت شناخت و بررسي كالبدي درباره نمونه ابنيه مورد مطالعه در بافت تاريخي بهره گرفته خواهد شد. بعد از اين تحليل به وسيله روش سلسله مراتبي٬ موثرترين فاكتورها كالبدي اولويت گذاري شده و نهايتا با توجه به نتايج بدست آمده٬ اصول معماري بومي و مقايسه ضوابط موجود٬ راهكارها و الگوهاي طراحي مسكن جديد با هدف ارتقاي ابعاد كيفي و كمي منازل مسكوني معرفي ميگردند.
چكيده لاتين :
Despite the emergence of modern architecture and the loss of identity in new construction،Traditional
residential tissue as the core component of urban and architectural elements in their buildings without
doubt a valuable legacy are suitable patterns for evaluate, analysis of native architecture. The role
of morphological forms of architecture can be evaluated through compliance of existing forms. In
this way architects for their design strategies identified the traditional form into a particular shape
that it can be symbolic analysis of the building form to create compatible architecture. Morphology
in architecture is this study evaluated traditional form of houses within the built environment.
This study concept references history of physical form to describe changes in the formal syntax
of buildings and cities. Morphology describes discursive processes as the typology study in the
change of buildings and their function through a historical perspective. Typology in architecture is
the taxonomic classification of physical characteristics commonly found in buildings. In this study
is reviewed and analyzed type of traditional houses according to their association with different
categories, such as intensity of development and individual characteristics form patterns. Patterns
relate elements hierarchically across physical scales (from small details to large systems). Thus the
pattern recognition as an important theory identifies practical approach to achieve elements and
pattern of vernacular identity to be considered in contemporary architecture. In the study also are
reviewed morphology and typology school, theories, researches and principles. Neyshabur as one
of the oldest historic cities in the Muslim world and second largest city in Khorasan was select as
case study. This research area is located in the middle part of traditional-historical tissue. In this
tissue spectacular monuments still remain. Despite carry out similar studies in different cities of
Iran, due to the lack of traditional architectural pattern recognition in Neyshabur and not issue
any building of this study were considered for the first time about this city. The study question
is how can achieved design principles and pattern for residential unit. The research will look at
the key topics discussed and analytical overview of the field of pattern recognition in architecture
and urban design and physical factors affecting, obtained according to the theoretical foundations
of traditional building residential identify the texture and pattern recognition. In the literature
review were presented the comprehensive review of all studies, researches school backgrounds
and theories. House patterns were introduced in its traditional and contemporary form. Then explain the concepts and indicators to identify and study of vernacular architecture of Neyshabur. A
Field research method in a historical context was used to obtain building physical information. The
number of traditional houses was 15 houses that were selected with respect to the theoretical bases and
were analyzed in terms of orientation and position of each space. Houses were selected among valuable
houses and Due to limitations on access to documents. In this study was performed, the relationship
between physical-spatial analysis, systems analysis and masses of space, analysis of distribution and
spatial layout, and the elevation of the façade, skyline and decoration. As an innovative approach for
survey were used experts in the study area. Factors were analyzed and were prioritized in the analytic
hierarchy process (AHP). In the final step of the process, numerical priorities are calculated for each
alternative. Results indicate the relative importance of factors and respectively were mass and space,
functional relative, space distribution system, and skyline. AHP method proposed sample design model
for Neyshabur houses. This proposed design inspired by common pattern form of studied houses. New
component model in the two-layer is defined with regard to the geometric proportions and mass and
space system that oriented 30 degrees to north side of the axis like Roon Rasteh. Also suitable function
intended according to privacy principles and common front of house. Based on the results obtained
understanding the principles of local architecture with compare the existing standard. Eventually
appropriate criteria and principles separately in the tissue and building are proposed based on the relative
importance and priority of each criterion in the design process. Finally proposed architectural pattern
obtained from research. The housing is designed in the traditional context of Neyshabur to promote
qualitative and quantitative dimensions. Due to the use of new tools such as pattern recognition AHP,
this method can be used as a model for other similar studies, researchers should be respected. On the
other hand, according to the results of this study may offer researchers a more favorable pattern pursued
in the future. The study analyzed the typology of Neyshabur traditional houses and suggested pattern,
design, and method also can be used in other climate, culture and cities with respect to specific factors of
the traditional area. Based on new urbanism principles match the physical development characteristics
of a place within the appropriate typology for that place, as determined by local preferences taken in
context with urban patterns as evidenced throughout history.
