ارتباط مجموعۀ مظفريه با سازمان فضايي شهر تبريز از دورۀ قراقويونلوها تا دورۀ قاجار

The Relationship between Mozafaria Complex and the Spatial Organization of Tabriz City from the Qara Qoyunlu to the Qajar Period

سازمان فضايي شهر، امري ذهني و بيانگر نظم حاصل از ارتباط ميان عناصر شهر است. شناخت شأن و نقش يك عنصر شهري در كليت شهر، منوط به تشخيص چگونگي رابطه آن با سازمان فضايي يا به عبارت ديگر انتظام شهر به‌مثابه يك سيستم و كل است. هدف پژوهش حاضر اين است كه بر اساس نظريۀ سازمان فضايي شهر، به بررسي ارتباط ميان مجموعۀ مظفريه با شاخص‌هاي سازمان فضايي شهر تبريز و به عبارتي نقش اين مجموعه در سيستم كلي شهر از زمان قراقويونلوها تا دورۀ قاجار بپردازد. مقصود از نقش سيستمي مجموعۀ مظفريه، كاركردِ صرف آن نيست، بلكه اين پژوهش، علاوه بر كاركرد و ويژگي‌هاي مستقل اين مجموعه، در پي كشف ويژگي‌هايي است كه در ارتباط با ساير اجزاء و عناصر شهر تعريف شده‌اند. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش از نوع توصيفي-تحليلي و استنتاجي-اكتشافي بوده و در جمع‌آوري اطلاعات از شيوۀ كتابخانه‌اي بهره برده شده است. نتايج پژوهش نشان‌دهندۀ تأثيرپذيري و تأثيرگذاري متقابل و پراهميت مجموعۀ مظفريه و سازمان فضايي شهر تبريز بر يكديگر و نقش اساسي اين مجموعه در ادراك ساكنين از كليت شهر و شكل‌گيري هويتي واحد بوده است.

Statement of the problem: “Rab’e Rashidi” or “Rashidiyya” is an architectural complex. According to “Mostowfi”, the author of “Nuz’hat al-Qulub”, it was a cultural and academic town, in the northeastern Tabriz at the foot of Mt. Sorkhāb.It was planned and founded in the reign of the Ilkhanid “Sultan Muhammad Öljeitü” by “Khwāja Rashid al-Din Fazl- Allah”. According to the “Endowment Deed”, the town encompassed several public buildings including a bathhouse. Therefore, it was expected that excavations reveal the ruins of an Ilkhanid bathhouse. The outdoor building in the southeastern quadrant of the site was thus overtly introduced as the Ilkhanid bathhouse of the complex by the former excavators. The underlying question of the present paper was the nature and function of this alleged bathhouse. Objectives: A precise understanding and systematic apperception of the nature, function and identity of a historical/archaeological construction is an essential and challenges facing those preparing any restoration plan are inevitable. No restoration master will then be able to restore a building precisely and systematically without gaining correct insights into that building and its archaeological structure. Methodology: Analytical review of the architectural plan, internal spaces, and building materials of the building allegedly designated as the Ilkhanid Bathhouse showed evident discrepancies with those of the known historical bathhouses in Iran. Results: Based on the falsifiable hypothesizing approach, the purported Ilkhanid Bathhouse could not serve such a function, and indeed there was no evidence to support its Ilkhanid date. The authors proposed the falsifiable hypothesis of a dying workshop or a tannery.