پديد آورندگان :
امامي، علي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گنبد كاووس - گروه معماري، گنبد كاووس، ايران , ايمري، امين اله دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گنبد كاووس - گروه معماري، گنبد كاووس، ايران , مرادي، عافيه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گنبد كاووس - گروه معماري، گنبد كاووس، ايران
كليدواژه :
امنيت , فضاي قابل دفاع , ديوار حياط , رؤيت‌پذيري
چكيده فارسي :
اين مطالعه با بررسي تأثير ديوار حياط در امنيت ساكنين واحدهاي مسكوني تركمن‌هاي قوم يموت در روستاهاي شهرستان گنبد كاووس، به ارزيابي آسيب‌پذيري هر دو نوع، خانه‌هايي با ديوارهاي شفاف و خانه‌هايي با ديوارهاي صلب، نسبت به سرقت و تأثير هر يك در ميزان احساس امنيت و ترس از جرم در ساكنين آن‌ها مي‌پردازد. بر اين اساس بررسي‌هاي مقدماتي و مطالعات نظري به ساختن فرضيه‌هايي با مضامين امنيت بيشتر خانه‌هايي با ديوارهاي شفاف در حياط نسبت به خانه‌هايي با ديوارهاي صلب در حياط و نيز
افزايش ترس از جرم در ساكنان، متناسب با افزايش ميزان صلبيت ديوار حياط خانه‌ها انجاميد. در بخش گرد‌آوري داده‌ها توأمان از روش مشاهده و توزيع پرسشنامه استفاده گرديد و پس از تكميل و جمع‌آوري، مورد ارزيابي و استدلال منطقي و تحليل‌هاي آماري قرار گرفت. تحليل‌ها نشان دادند كه نوع ديوار بر امنيت ساكنين واحدها و محلات مسكوني تركمن‌هاي قوم يموت در روستاهاي شهرستان گنبد كاووس تأثير مثبت و معناداري دارد. به‌عبارتي ديگر با افزايش ميزان گشودگي بصري ديوار حياط خانه‌ها، امنيت خانه و احساس امنيت ساكنين آن افزايش مي‌يابد. در گذشته، خانه‌هاي روستايي بدون حياط امنيت بيشتري را براي ساكنين فراهم كرده و ميزان وقوع جرم و جنايت در روستاها را به شدت كاهش مي‌دادند. امروزه افزودن ديوارهاي حياط به خانه‌هاي روستايي به تقليد از شهرها صورت گرفته و روستاها دچار نا‌امني شده‌اند. در اين ميان نوع ديوار احداث شده بر حسب ميزان شفافيت نيز بر ميزان امنيت خانه‌ها و ساكنين آن‌ها تأثير‌گذار مي‌باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
The role of design in ensuring safety and security in the residential environment is more than ever before. This means that the necessary tools should be provided to create some self-surveillance capabilities in the environment. The physical environment should be designed in such a way that opportunities for residents have improved monitoring and in turn, reduce the opportunities for criminal acts. But sometimes due to inappropriate use of architectural elements and ignorance designers from the effects of these elements on the environment, such features taken from the environment or are weakened.
This study examines the impact of security on the courtyard walls of the inhabitants of the villages of Turkmen folk in Gonbad-e Kavus. Based on preliminary studies and theoretical frameworks to make the content more secure homes with transparent walls around the courtyard with solid walls courtyards, led increase residents' fear of crime in proportion to the increase of wall rigidity. The following hypotheses were considered for this study: It seems that the visual openness wall has an impact on the security perceived by residents. It also increases the rigidity of the wall of the yard. A sense of isolation and vulnerability of the residents and houses increase fear of crime inside them. In this study, one of the villages in the Turkmen city of Gonbad-e Kavus has been chosen as the study sample. The research methodology is Non-interference observation and a questionnaire package. Since the independent variable is continuous and quantitative, we could record it at the location. Some of the physical characteristics of the study area are needed to conduct a research on. Observation and records of the condition of the walls of the courtyard are done. On the other hand, the security (both physical and mental) and on related issues such as crime rate, residents' sense of security, spatial and temporal characteristics of the crime and so on, are not measurable through observation, hence closed questionnaire has been prepared for this purpose. The research method is descriptive analysis, correlating and considering the objectives applicable
The vulnerability of both types of houses with transparent walls and homes with rigid walls and the impact of each on the rate of sense of security and the fear of crime in their residents were evaluated. Both the data gathered from observation and questionnaires were distributed and collected after completion, logical reasoning and statistical analysis were evaluated. The analysis showed that the existence of a type of the security wall for units and residential of neighborhoods in the villages of Turkmen in Gonbad-e Kavus has a significant positive impact. In other words, with increasing visual openness of courtyard wall of rural house, security and safety of house resident’s increases. In the past, rural house without the yard has provided more security for residents and the rate of occurrence of crime in the countryside to reduce the intensity. Today, adding the walls of the courtyard to rural houses as an imitation of cities and villages have been experiencing insecurity. The type of constructed wall based on the amount of transparency effect on affect the rate of home security not to mention their resident security.
The results showed that not always building tall rigid walls around the rural houses in a naturally virgin environment comes with security. Otherwise, in places where self-surveillance is less natural and more difficult, their high walls attractive to thieves and thus constituting a threat to the security of the houses and its residents. Also, most importantly than security is a sense of security that people feel relaxed and free from all fear and anxiety caused by the state.
