مقايسه وضعيت سرمايه اجتماعي از ديدگاه مديران و كارشناسان مراكز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش دانشگاه هاي علوم پزشكي كشور

A Comparative Study of Social Capital View Points of Managers and Staffs in Medical Educational Centers in Iran Medical Science Universities

زمينه و هدف: امروز سرمايه اجتماعي، نقشي بسيار مهم تر از سرمايه فيزيكي و انساني در سازمان ها و جوامع ايفا مي كند و در غياب سرمايه اجتماعي ساير سرمايه ها اثربخشي خود را از دست مي دهند. مطالعه با هدف تعيين و مقايسه وضعيت سرمايه اجتماعي از ديدگاه مديران و كاركنان مرا كز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش در دانشگاه هاي علوم پزشكي كشور اجرا گرديد. روش بررسي: مطالعه توصيفي تحليلي از نوع مقايسه اي و مقطعي است .در نيمه دوم سال 1394 انجام شد، روش نمونه گيري در اين پژوهش از نوع سرشماري بود. ابزار مورد استفاده، پرسشنامه مبتني بر مدل ناهاپيت و گوشال( 1998) كه سرمايه اجتماعي را در سه طبقه شناختي - رابطه اي و ساختاري بررسي مي نمايد. نمره گذاري مبتني بر طيف 5 درجه اي ليكرت بوده و روايي با نظر خبرگان و پايايي با آلفاي كرونباخ( 90 %) مورد تاييد قرار گرفت. يافته ها: يافته ها نشان داد ميانگين سرمايه اجتماعي بين مديران و كارشناسان متوسط( ميانگين 08 / 0 انحراف معيار 12 / 0)، ميانگين سرمايه اجتماعي مديران اندكي بيشتر( ميانگين 57 / 3 انحراف معيار 05 / 0) از ميانگين سرمايه اجتماعي كاركنان( ميانگين 3/65 انحراف معيار 11 / 0) بود ولي آزمون آماري ضريب همبستگي پيرسون تفاوت آماري معن يداري( 05 / 0) بين متغير سرمايه اجتماعي در بين كاركنان و مديران مرا كز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش دانشگا ههاي علوم پزشكي كشور نشان نداد. نتيجه گيري: نتايج نشان داد تفاوت معني داري بين هيچكدام از ابعاد سرمايه اجتماعي در بين كاركنان و مديران مرا كز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش دانشگاه هاي علوم پزشكي كشور وجود ندارد و سرمايه اجتماعي يكي از شاخص هاي رشد و توسعه جوامع به شمار مي آيد، بنابراين بايد انگيزه و فرهنگ سازي بيشتري دراين زمينه دربين مديران و كاركنان سازمان ها صورت پذيرد و ارزش هاي مورد قبول جامعه در هر سازماني مشخص و معرفي گردند تا بتوان از آن براي افزايش ميزان سرمايه اجتماعي بهره جست.

Background and objective: Today, social capital has much more important role than physical and human capital in organizations and societies. In absence of social capital, all other capitals will lose their effectiveness. This study aims to determine and compare social capital status of education development & studies centers from the viewpoint of managers and personnel of these centers in the Universities of Medical Sciences of the country. Methods and Materials: This descriptive – analytical study was a comparative and cross-sectional one that was performed since Oct. 2015 afterwards, and moreover a census sampling was applied. Research tool was questionnaire based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal Model (1998) and studied different aspects of social capital in three different dimensions of cognitive, relational and structural; and it was marked according to 5-point Likert scale. The validity and reliability [90%] of the questionnaire were approved by many researchers. Results: According to the present study, social capital mean between managers and personnel was average”[mean:0/08 – sd:0/12 ]; social capital mean of managers was slightly more [ mean:3/57 – sd:0/05] than the personnel’s [ mean:3/56- sd:0/11]; however, there was no significant difference between social capital of the managers and the personnel of education development and studies centers in Universities of Medical Sciences of the country. Conclusion: The results show that the relational capital has the most mean among social capital dimensions between personnel and managers; also commitments and expectations dimensions from among other relational capital dimensions with emphasis on the obligation of cooperation inside the organization has the highest score among the experts; and for managers under study, trust dimension out of relational capital dimensions with emphasis on mutual trust and honesty in available relations of the organization, has the highest score among social capital dimensions. Moreover, it is distinguished that there is no significant difference between none of the social capital among managers and personnel of education development & studies centers in Universities of Medical Sciences of the country