كليدواژه :
اقتصاد روستايي , توسعه روستايي , اعتبارات روستايي , استان زنجان
چكيده فارسي :
در نواحي روستايي، محيط مسكن علاوه بر سكونت، تجليگاه شيوههاي زيستي- معيشتي است كه همواره با مشكلاتي چون كمبود يا نبود اعتبارات لازم، مقاوم نبودن مساكن روستايي، فرسودگي و وجود برخي كاستيها مانند تداخل فضاهاي زيستي و معيشتي مواجه بوده است. در طي چند دهه اخير اعطاي اعتبارات مقاومسازي مسكن در جهت بهبود كيفيت مساكن روستايي در سطح گستردهاي اجرا شده است كه موجب تحولات و دگرگونيهايي در عملكرد فضاهاي مسكن گرديده است. سؤالاتي كه مطرح مي‌شود اين است كه آيا بين دريافت اعتبارات و كاركرد توليدي مسكن ارتباطي وجود دارد؟ و آيا بين كاركرد توليدي مسكن و گروههاي شغلي تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد؟ هدف اين مقاله بررسي تغيير و تحولاتي است كه در نتيجه استفاده از اعتبارات مقاومسازي مسكن بر كاركرد توليدي مساكن روستايي به‌وجود آمده است. روش تحقيق از نظر ماهيت، توصيفي- تحليلي و از نظر نوع، كاربردي و از نظر روش گردآوري اطلاعات، به‌صورت كتابخانهاي و ميداني و بهرهگيري از ابزار (پرسشنامه و مصاحبه) روش تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات، به‌صورت توصيفي (ميانگين و انحراف معيار) و استنباطي (آزمون T جفت شده و آزمون كروسكال واليس) صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماري تحقيق حاضر 811 خانوار دريافت كننده اعتبارات در دوره زماني 1392-1384 و در 8 روستاي دهستان معجزات شهرستان زنجان مي‌باشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران 231 خانوار محاسبه گرديد. يافته‌هاي تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد رابطه معناداري ميان كاركرد توليدي مسكن و دريافت اعتبارات مقاومسازي مسكن وجود دارد و ميزان كاركرد توليدي مساكن با آماره t برابر با 6.240 در زمان پس از دريافت اعتبارات كاهش يافته است. همچنين يافته‌هاي تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه تفاوت معناداري از نظر ميانگين رتبه‌اي گروههاي شغلي وجود دارد و گروه شغلي دامدار و كشاورز بعد از دريافت اعتبارات بيشترين تغيير و كاهش را در كاركرد مساكن خود داشتهاند. با بررسي فضاهاي موجود در مساكن روستايي دهستان معجزات، بيشترين فضاي مساكن روستايي بعد از اجراي طرح مقاومسازي مسكن و همراه با مدرن شدن مساكن روستايي به تبعيت از سبك و الگوي مسكن شهري به‌دليل نزديكي روستاهاي مورد مطالعه به شهر زنجان و تغييرات در كميت و كيفيت فضا مساكن با شدت بيشتري به سوي تغيير كاركرد و گرايش به كاركرد زيستي داشتهاند.
چكيده لاتين :
n rural areas dwellings aside from being a place for living, reflect the livelihood of its residents. This issue is increasingly facing problems, such as a lack of financial resources for renovation of rural residential units, physical vulnerability of these dwellings against natural hazards, the deterioration of rural fabric, as well as overlapping living and livelihood spaces. In recent decades housing retrofit credits program has been implemented on a large scale in order to improve the quality of rural housing. This program has resulted in a number of changes in the function of housing spaces. Several questions are raised in this regards including: is there a relationship between receiving credits and changes in the productive functions of housing? and whether there is a significant difference in the productive functions of housing for different occupational groups. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in productive functions of rural housings that were triggered by using retrofitting housing credits. Data collection methods adopted in the study comprised of document review and field data collection methods such as questionnaires, interviews and observation. The questionnaire is composed of closed questions and answers on Likert scale. Data analysis methods is descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired T-test, and Kruscal Wallis test). Statistical population of the study is the recipients of the credit program within the period of 2005 to 2013 in Mojezat County, which is consisted of 811 families. The sample size of 231 households was determined using Cochran formula. Furthermore, and in order to assess the reliability of the research tool, the Cronbach's alpha is used. The values obtained for housing productive functions before and after receiving the retrofitting credit are 0.967 and 0.959 percent, respectively. The research findings indicate widespread changes in houses including in housing area and the number of rooms after receiving the retrofiting credits. Furthremore, the research shows a significant correlation between housing productive functions and receiving the retrofitting housing credits. The level of the productive functions of housing declined with the t-statistic of 6.240 after receiving the credit. Additionally, the research found a significant difference in mean rank of the occupational groups, with herders and farmers making more changes in the productive spaces of their houses after receiving the credit. Conclusion: Expanding the urban-rural relationships, restrictions and requirements of the the lending agency, lack of financial ability of villagers, insufficient amount of the credit considering the cost of construction materials and their transportation from cities to villages, spreading urban architecture styles, a lack of foresight conerning the needs of rural housing functions like hayloft and husbandry as well as changing family structure have resulted in the transformation of housing productive functions. The analysis of the status of housing productive functions and different occupational groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test shows that ranchers and farmers have made more changes in their housing function. With paired t-test or t-statistic of 6.240, the research demonstrates that the productive function of the housing after receiving the loan is reduced. By examining the available spaces in the rural housing of Mojezat, the paper shows that the implementation of housing retrofitting and modernization of rural housing to comply with the style and patterns of urban housing of the nearby city of Zanjan have been conducive to qualitative and quantative changes of housing spaces and their function.
