پديد آورندگان :
رضواني، محمد رضا دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - دانشكده علوم زمين , اسفرم، يعقوب دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - دانشكده علوم زمين , استحكام، حسن دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - دانشكده علوم زمين
كليدواژه :
نظام فني روستايي , مسكن , دهستان بهمئي سرحدي غربي , توسعه روستايي , مسكن روستايي
چكيده فارسي :
افت كيفي شاخصهاي مسكن روستايي و آسيبپذيري سكونتگاههاي موجود كشور در برابر حوادث طبيعي از يك طرف و رشد طبيعي جمعيت و نياز به مسكن از طرف ديگر و همچنين تغيير زيرساختهاي نظام روستايي و شرايط زماني، اجتماعي، فرهنگي و اقتصادي روستا و عدم پاسخگويي فضاهاي قبلي به گرايشهاي جديد، نياز به تأمين مسكن جديد روستايي را بيش از پيش مينماياند اما در اين ميان، مسئله پر اهميت ساخت مسكني است كه در كنار مقاومبودن و پاسخگويي به نيازهاي جديد ساكنان خود، واجد ارزشهاي هويتي و مبتني بر الگوهاي بومي مسكن روستايي باشد. بههمين منظور و براي جلوگيري از ساخت و سازهاي غير استاندارد و غير مقاوم در برابر بلاياي طبيعي و بروز تخلفات ساخت و ساز در روستاها، (طرح)نظام فني روستايي با اهداف مشخص در سال 1382 توسط بنياد مسكن انقلاب اسلامي تهيه و جهت اجرا به مقاومسازيي كشور ابلاغ شد. با عنايت به اين موضوع توجه به اجراي نظام فني روستايي در روستاهاي واقع در دهستان بهمئي سرحدي غربي بهدليل گسترش فيزيكي روستاهاي با جمعيت بالا از اهميت بسيار زيادي برخوردار است و در اين نوشتار درصدد پاسخگويي به اين سوال هستيم كه مهمترين موانع اجراي فراگير نظام فني روستايي كدامند؟ جامعه آماري روستاهاي بالاي 20 خانوار دهستان بهمئي سرحدي غربي ميباشد. روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي ميباشد و ابزار گردآوري دادهها پرسشنامه است. تحليل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS بهعمل آمده است. نتايج حاصل از تحليل عاملي موانع اجراي نظام فني نشان داده است كه چهار عامل با تبيين 3/56 درصد واريانس كل با موانع اجراي فراگير نظام فني مرتبط ميباشد. مؤلفههاي اقتصاديبا 43/17، اجتماعي- فرهنگي با36/15، سازماني- اداري با 89/12 و فني- تكنيكي با 62/10 بهترتيب اهميت بيشترين نقش را در مجموع تبيين كردند. در اين راستا براي اجراي فراگير و مؤثر نظام فني روستايي، ظرفيتسازي اداري، اجرايي و فني و توجه به شرايط مناطق روستايي ضروري است.
چكيده لاتين :
A drop in the quality of rural housing indices, the vulnerability of the rural habitats of the country to natural disasters, natural population growth and the associated need for housing in these settlements, changes in rural infrastructure, social, cultural and economic condition of rural settlements, and inadaptability of traditional dwellings to new trends and lifestyles all indicate the need for new rural housing provision more than before. Within this context, critical is to build dwellings that aside from being resistant against hazards and meeting the current needs of its residents, maintain local identity, and are developed based on local patterns of vernacular rural housing. In this process, construction monitoring and controlling system are of great importance.
Given the importance of safe construction practices of residential units, it is necessary to establish a monitoring system for construction activities in rural settlements in order to achieve sustainable development. Focusing on the rural settlements located in Western Bahmaei Sarhaddi, this paper seeks to identify the most important barriers to the implementation of rural technical program. The key aim of this paper is to introduce the rural technical program and explain its importance in decreasing the vulnerability of rural housing against natural hazards. By applying the standards and codes developed by the Housing Foundation of Iran, the rural technical program aims to develop rural settlements and provide appropriate and safe rural housing.
Research Methodology
This descriptive-analytical study, is an applied research. Data is collected through fieldwork, using questionnaire as well as conducting document review. Moreover, Friedman test and exploratory factor analysis are used to analyze the collected data.
Findings
This research shows that the most important factors preventing a comprehensive implementation of rural technical program are as follows: low income 3.55; high cost of the previous plans with average 3.45, high material prices with an average of 3.45, not using new technologies in housing construction with an average of 3.36 and a lack of familiarity with the technical program with an average of 3.27.
Conclusion
Factor analysis of the barriers to the implementation of the technical program indicates that economic factor is the most important barrier in Western Bahmaei Sarhaddi Rural district. Economic factors such as low income, high issuance costs, employment in traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, insufficient amount of loan, high costs of materials and high wage of supervising engineers are among the main obstacles in the implementation of the technical program in Western Bahmaei Sarhaddi Rural district. Factor analysis results also indicate that socio-cultural issues are the second important obstacles to the implementation of technical program. Relevant to this factor, problems such as low literacy levels, a lack of technical knowledge, unwillingness to get a building permit and an unwillingness to receive a loan can be mentioned. Administrative-organizational and technical factors are the third and fourth barriers to the implementation of the rural technical program.