شاخصه هاي تشخيص حروف در الفبايِ خط هاي اسلامي

Features of distinguishing letters in alphabet of Islamic scripts

خوانش درست متن و شناسايي هر حرف در خط و خو شنويسي، به بيان شكليِ كامل و درست رسم الخط آن خط وابسته است. از اين رو، براي هر حرف مي بايست شاخصه هاي شكلي ويژه اي متصور شد كه عدم رعايت آنها، مشكلي حروف با يك ديگر و در نتيجه، اشتباه در تشخيص و خوانش آن ها را به دنبال خواهد داشت.در رسم الخط الفبايِ خطوط اسلامي با گوناگوني شكلي و هم چنين نزديكي ريختي در برخي از حروف مواجه هستيم. اگر بتوان براي هر حرف، ويژگي هاي ساختاري منحصر به فرد را يافت، مي تواند به تشخيص درست حروف منجر گردد. نوشتار حاضر نيز در مسير رسيدن به اين هدف، پرسشهايي را مد نظر دارد. از جمله اينكه، كدام پاره جزء از اجزاي تشكيل دهنده ي حروف در الفباي خطوط اسلامي قابليت تشخيص آن حرفرا دارند؟ همچنين شاخصه هاي قابل تشخيص هر حرف چه مي تواند باشد؟ اين پژوهش در محدوده خط هايسنتي و به روش كيفي وبه شيوه توصيفي، تحليلي انجام يافته كه حروف پس از جدا سازي، به صورت مقايسه شكلي ميان داده ها، در جدول هاي مستقل مورد تحليل قرار خواهند گرفت. نتيج هي حاصل از اين مقايسه ها نشان دهنده تنوع و گوناگوني شكلي در هر حرف مي باشد. با وجود اين تنوع، مي توان پاره هاي مشخصي را براي شناسايي هر حرف يافت كه حفظ تنها آن قسمتها براي تشخيص حرف كافي باشد.

Abu Nasr AL FARABI and Abu Hammed AL GHAZZALI are the famous characters in IslamicPhilosophy and Islamic world. Most of their opinion is different. AL FARABI is the founder of IslamicPhilosophy and he is a peripatetic philosopher. He is called The Second Teacher (after Aristotle whowas The First Teacher). But Abu hammed Al GHAZZALI is a theologian with Sufi attitude andalso he criticized peripatetic philosophy. Some people think that after him, Islamic philosophy isfinished. So the comparative study of them is important. The problem of this paper is to understandThe Essence and The Goal of Art in Abu Nasr ALFARABI and Abu Hammed AL GHAZZALI. Thesubject of “The Essence and The Goal of Art” (Art in modern meaning) was not directly or indirectlyconsidered in their opinion. because this subject was not considerable for them and also for otherIslamic philosophers. But we can deduct their idea about art and beauty. Questions of this paperare: 1. What is The Essence and The Goal of ART in Abu Nasr Al FARABI and Abu Hammed AlGHAZZALI? 2. What are the differences in their idea about the essence and the goal of art? 3. Whatare the reasons of these differences and similarities? The goal of this research is to search The Essenceand The Goal of art in Abu Nasr Al FARABI and Abu Hammed Al GHAZZALI. In other hand, thegoal of this paper is to study the role of epistemology in the essence and the goal of Art. The methodof this research is fundamental , descriptive and comparative . The method of gathering data is frombooks, articles and interview. results show that the best definition for the concept of Art is not essentialdefinition. The best definitions are nominal definition and descriptive definition , because “ Art ” is notan essential concept . It is not an essence in the way that Aristotle said and It is a relative concept. Artis not in the essence of objects and it is predicated with common technical predication. The meaningof goal in this paper is: ” That to which movement is directed ” . Because the relation betweengoal and something that has goal isn’t essential. The essence and the goal of Art in the opinion ofperipatetic philosopher are different to a theologian - Sufi person. The key factors of The Essence ofArt in Abu Nasr ALFARABI are: Mimesis, Pleasure, Intellection , Beauty , and imagination , and thekey factors of The Essence of Art in Abu Hammed ALGHAZZALI are : Beauty , Pleasure, reflecting( mimesis ) of ideal beauty , intuition and Religiously . The Goal of Art in Abu Nasr Al FARABI ishappiness or felicity. In his opinion art helps people to understand what prophet (philosopher)said andguide them to felicity .and the goal of Art in Abu Hammed Al GHAZZALI is to increase the love ofhuman to God.