بررسي كوررنگي اكتسابي درميان شاغلين مواجهه با حلال هاي BTEX (مطالعه موردي پمپ بنزين هاي شهر تهران)

Acquired color vision impairment among gasoline station workers with occupational exposure of BTEX: A case study in Tehran city

زمينه و هدف: ديد رنگ از قابليت هاي مهم دستگاه بينائي است. در بسياري مشاغل، كوررنگي باعث كاهش بهره وري، افزايش زمان واكنش و اختلال تصميم گيري كارگران در رويارويي با مخاطرات شده و بروز حوادث را محتمل مي كند. اين مطالعه به منظور بررسي مواجهه شغلي با حلالهاي BTEX و كوررنگي اكتسابي در كارگران پمپ بنزين هاي شهر تهران انجام گرفت. روش بررسي: اين مطالعه مقطعي در 15پمپ بنزين انجام شد. گروه مواجهه 289 نفر كارگر پمپ بنزين، گروه كم مواجهه 201 نفر كارگر خدماتي و گروه بدون مواجهه 190 نفر كاركنان اداري شاغل در اين پمپ بنزين ها بودند. با ثبت مشخصات افراد در پرسشنامه و لحاظ معيارهاي خروج، 193 نفر گروه اول، 132 نفر گروه دوم و 114 نفر از گروه سوم وارد مطالعه شدند. تعيين تيزبيني چشم با Snellen Chart، كوررنگي ارثي با صفحاتIshihara و كوررنگي اكتسابي با Lanthony D-15 انجام گرفت. غلظت تركيبات BTEX با استانداردNIOSH 1501 تعيين گرديد. يافته ها: ميزان كوررنگي اكتسابي در گروه اول 6/74 درصد، گروه دوم 1/51 درصد و در گروه سوم صفر تعيين شد. شاخص اختلال رنگ در گروه اول نسبت به گروه دوم بالاتر بود(0/006.=P). آناليز رگرسيون لجستيك نشان داد بين شاخص اختلال رنگ و مواجهه با حلالهاي BTEX، سن، سابقه كار و مصرف سيگار ارتباط معناداري وجود دارد (p<0/05 ) نتيجه گيري: مواجهه شغلي مزمن كارگران با غلظت هاي مختلف حلالهايBTEX در ايستگاه هاي پمپ بنزين مي تواند منجر به ابتلا به كوررنگي اكتسابي در اين افراد گردد.

Background and aims: Color vision is one of the most important capabilities of the visual system. Color vision impairment in many jobs, lead to reduced productivity, increased reaction time and workers' decision-making in confronting with of hazardous situations and as a result, it can lead to occupational accidents. This study was carried out to investigate occupational exposure to BTEX solvents and acquired color vision impairment among gasoline station workers in Tehran city. Methods: This cross sectional study is conducted in the 15 gasoline stations of Tehran city. The workers (680) were studied in three groups. The first group consisted of those working as a distributor of gasoline (289) with exposure to organic solvents. The second group included service workers (201) were working as a low exposure and third group was the administrative staff (190) that was considered as no exposure to organic solvents. After recording the demographic characteristics of the participants in the standardized questionnaire and considering exclusion criteria, 193 from the first group, 132 from the second group and 114 from the third group were qualified to participate in the study. The visual acuity with the SnellenChart, inherent color vision impairment with Ishihara plates and Acquired color vision impairment with LANTHONY D-15 were determined. The determination of the concentrations of BTEX compounds was carried out according to the standard NIOSH 1501. Results: The frequency of acquired color vision impairment was 6.74% for distributor workers, 1.51% for service workers, and 0% for administrative staff working at the same gas station. Color confusion index was higher in the first group than in the second group (p=.006). The results of logistic regression indicated there was a significant relationship between color confusion index (CCI) and exposure to BTEX compounds, age, work experience and smoking (p<.05). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the occupational chronic exposure of workers with BTEX compounds in gasoline station can lead to acquired color vision impairment in these people.