اﺻﻼح ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻧﺮژيﯾﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﻫﻮاﺋﯽ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﺑﺮدن دو نوع زاﺋﺪه در ﺟﻬﺖ ورود ﻫﻮا

Energetic Performance Improvement of Air-Type Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Two Types of Obstacles Located in the Air Inlet

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻬﺎن و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺼﺮف، ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي اﻧﺮژي در ﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪار آن از اﻧـﺮژي ﻫـﺎي ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻢ داراي ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻫﻢ در ﺣﺎل اﺗﻤﺎم اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ، اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮرﻫـﺎي ﺗﺨـﺖ ﻫـﻮاﺋﯽ ﯾﮑـﯽ از اﯾـﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ، ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﻮادﻏﺬاﺋﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﺋﯽ آن ﺳﻪ ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﻫﻮاﺋﯽ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. در دو ﮐﻠﮑﺘـﻮر از دو زاﺋـﺪه ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، V ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺗﺨﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ زاوﯾﻪ 45 درﺟﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﯾﮏ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ از ﺟﻨﺲ MDF ﮐﻪ ذﯾﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟـﺎذب و ﺑـﻪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ از آن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻋﺮض ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎل زاﺋﺪه V ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺗﺨﺖ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام 5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ارﺗﻔﺎعﺷﺎن 3/2 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﺳﻮم ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪون زاﺋﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي دﻣﺎ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺟـﺎذب و ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ زاﺋﺪه دار در ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮرﻫﺎ از 18 ﻋﺪد ﺣﺴﮕﺮ LM35 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. دﺑﯽ ﺟﺮﻣﯽ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻦ آﻣﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﺪ 0/032 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎزده ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﺑﺎ زاﺋﺪه ﺗﺨﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از دو ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰوﻧـﯽ در ﻇﻬـﺮ ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي (ﺣﺪود ﺳﺎﻋﺖ 13) ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﺳﺎده و ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﺑﺎ زاﺋﺪه V ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 20 و 11/7 درﺻﺪ و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎزده ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﺑـﺎ زاﺋﺪه V ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮر ﺳﺎده 7/3 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ.

Increasing world population and changes in consumption patterns have increased energy demand. Most of this energy is provided by fossil fuels which not only they cause environmental issues but also are depleting. One of these renewable energy resources is solar energy. Therefore, different technologies are used to take advantage of solar energy. One of the useful technologies is air-type flat plate solar collectors used for heating houses and greenhouses and drying food or industrial materials. In this research in order to evaluate and optimize solar energy usage, three air-type flat plate solar collectors were designed and fabricated. In two of these collectors, two flat and V-shape obstacles were mounted on a MDF plate with an angel of 45 degree and these plates were fixed at 4 cm under absorber plate. In addition, the obstacles had 5 cm width and 3.2 cm height. The third collector had no obstacle. For measuring the temperature in different parts of absorber plates and each collector obstacles plate, eighteen LM35 sensors were used. Inlet air mass flow rate prepared by a fan with a flow rate of 0.032 kg/s. Results showed that collector efficiency for the flat obstacles was more than that of two other collectors. The peak efficiency at solar noon (around 1 pm) in the flat type collector in comparison with the simple and V-shaped collectors were more than 20% and 11.2%, respectively. In addition, the peak efficiency of the V-shaped type collector was more than 7.3%, compared to simple type collector.