ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ، ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ راﻧﻨﺪه

Design, Simulation and Evaluation of an Ergonomic Seat Cushion for Decreasing Transmitted Vibration to the Driver

راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺗﺮاﮐﺘﻮر در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ از ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽ آﻧﺎن ﺷﺪه و آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣـﺪت ﯾـﺎ داﺋﻤﯽ را ﺑﺮاي آﻧﺎن ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽ آورد. ﯾﮑﯽ از راهﺣﻞ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ راﻧﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺸـﮑﭽﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ اي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫـﺮ دو ﻣﺪل ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ 3 ﺗﺎ 66 ﻫﺮﺗﺰ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷﺘﺎب ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ 1/5 ،1 ،0/5 و 2 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺬور ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه راﻧﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮم ﻫﺎي 70 ،55 و 85 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اﺟﺰاي ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﮔﺎه ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ راﺣﺘﯽ و آﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي را ﺑﺮاي راﻧﻨـﺪه ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﮔﺎه ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺷـﺘﺎب ﻧـﻮاﺣﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺪن راﻧﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي راﻧﻨﺪه راﺣﺘـﯽ و آﺳـﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮي را ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻦ ﮔﺎه ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ و ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﭽﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﺮاﮐﺘﻮر در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Tractor operators get exposed in a wide range of vibrations, so that they lead to discomfort and long term or permanent disorders. One solution for this problem is decreasing transmitted vibration to the driver by selecting a suitable seat cushion. Therefore, an ergonomic seat cushion was designed for Iranian operators especially and compared with the available seat. Both of seat cushions were analyzed in the frequency range of 3 to 66 Hz in four excited vibrations of 5.0, 1, 5.1 and 2 m/s2 for three groups of drivers with masses of 55, 70 and 85 kg by using finite element method. The results of this study showed that the ergonomic seat-pan cushion can provide more comfort and convenience for the driver in excited vibrations range and this seat cushion can be a suitable alternative to the available seat-pan cushion. However, the investigation of the output vibration magnitude on the seat backrest regions showed that the available seat backrest provides more comfort and convenience for the driver in comparison with the ergonomic seat cushion. Therefore, the combination of the ergonomic seat-pan cushion and the available seat backrest can improve the efficiency of the available seat cushion of the tractor to reduce transmitted vibrations to the driver.