تأثير شيوه هاي كنترلي پليس و تصويرسازي رسانه ها در كاهش گرايش تماشاگران فوتبال ايران به خشونت و اوباشگري

The Effect of Police Controlling Methods and Media Imaging on Reducing the Attitudes of Iranian Soccer Spectators towards Violence and Vandalism

زمينه و هدف: در اين پژوهش به بررسي برخي زمينه هاي انتظامي و رسانه اي مؤثر بر شكل گيري و گسترش خشونت و اوباشگري در بين تماشاگران ورزش فوتبال ايران در سال 1395 پرداخته شده است. روش شناسي: اين پژوهش از نظر هدف كاربردي، و از نظر روش، توصيفي – تحليلي از نوع پيمايش است. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش كليه تماشاگران، هواداران، ليدرهاي باشگاه ها، خبرنگاران ورزشي، داوران، كادر فني تيم ها، نيروهاي پليس مي باشد. حجم نمونه با توجه به جدول مورگان 384 نفر با روش نمونه گيري تصادفي طبقه اي متناسب، تعيين گرديد. روش گردآوري اطلاعات ميداني و ابزار آن پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. روايي پرسشنامه به طريق منطقي و پايايي آن نيز از طريق ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ به دست آمد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ و ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ «ﻣﻌﻄﻠﯽ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﮔﺮان در ﺑﯿﺮون از ورزﺷﮕﺎه و ﮔﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﻦ در ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﮔﺮان ﺑﻪ اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ» ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4 در رﺗﺒﻪ اول و در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ «ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻖ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﯿﻢ ﻫﺎ اﺟﺤﺎف، ﺑﯽ ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﯽ و ﻧﺎدﻟﻮري ﺷﺪه، در ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﮔﺮان ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ و اوﺑﺎﺷﮕﺮي در ورزﺷﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ» ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/77 در رﺗﺒﻪ اول ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ و ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ ﭘﻠﯿﺲ ﯾﮕﺎن ﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/78 در رﺗﺒﻪ اول، و رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/60 در رﺗﺒﻪ دوم ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ.

Background and objectives: In this research, some policing and media backgrounds affecting the formation and spread of violence and vandalism among Iranian soccer spectators in 2016 have been investigated. Methodology:In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as descriptive-analytic and survey study. The statistical population of this research is all spectators, fans, club leaders, sports journalists, referees, technical staff of the teams, and police forces. The sample size was determined according to Morgan table, 384 individuals, using proportional stratified random sampling method. The method of data collection is field study and the research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained logically and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings: The findings of the research show that in the descriptive study of the factors related to the effect of controlling and monitoring methods, it has been determined that the "long-term stalemate of spectators outside the stadium and the gates of physical inspection by the officers is effective in the tendency of spectators to vandalism" is in the first rank with the average of 4; and in the descriptive survey of the terms related to the media impact indicator, it has been determined that the "emphasis on the fact that the rights of some teams are violated, they faced injustice, affects the tendency of soccer spectators towards violence and vandalism at the stadiums" is in the first rank with an average of 3.77. Results: In the descriptive study of the variables, it was found that the role of the controlling and monitoring role of the special police unit is in the first rank with the average of 3.78 and the media is in the second rank with the average of 3.60.