كليدواژه :
تكامل , جامعه , فطرت , فلسفه تاريخ
چكيده فارسي :
استاد مطهري به واسطه مطالعه فلسفه غرب نخستين فيلسوف اسلامي است كه متوجه اهميت فلسفه‌هاي مضاف گشته‌است. در منظومه فكري ايشان، فطرت به عنوان ام‌المسائل، مبناي نظرياتي است كه در فلسفه اخلاق، فلسفه حقوق و فلسفه تعليم و تربيت طرح كرده‌‌اند. فلسفه تاريخ از مباحث بسيار مهمي است كه استاد مطهري در آن تحقيق فراوان نموده و مفهوم محوري آن تأملات نيز فطرت است. آنچه در اين مقاله در پي بررسي آن هستيم، امكان طرح يك نظريۀ فلسفه تاريخ مبتني بر فطرت است. طبق نظريۀ فطرت، وجود انسان بر ماهيت او مقدم است و آدمي هستي سيالي است كه براساس حركت جوهري استكمال مي‌بابد. بنابر نظر استاد مطهري حُكمِ وجود فردي انسان شامل وجود اجتماعي او نيز مي‌شود. جامعه انساني وجودي سيال است كه ماهيت ندارد و حركت وجود اجتماعي ـ تاريخي انسان به سوي كمال و فعليت تام خود تا پايان تاريخ، بدون توقف ادامه دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
The notion of fitrah (human innateness) plays a significant and a unique role in the Mortaza Motahari’s views. He considered this notion as the issue of the highest importance and himself as the human innateness philosopher. Because of his familiarity with western philosophy, Motahari was the first Islamic philosopher who payed attention to special philosophies. The notion of human innateness is a foundation for Motahari upon which he established other theories he proposed in ethics, philosophy of law, and philosophy of education, etc. Furthermore, the philosophy of history, where, according to Motahari, human innateness plays a central role, was another realm of thought that he profoundly delved into. What we are trying to address in this paper is the possibility of proposing a theory of philosophy of history based on human innateness. According to the theory of human innateness, the existence of the human is prior to his/her essence and human being is a free-flowing existence moving toward its perfection through substantial motion. According to Motahari, the rule of the individual existence of the human also applies to his/her social existence. In other words, the human society is a free-flow existence that has no essence and this existence, i.e., the historical-sociological existence of the human being, moves uninterruptedly toward its perfection and ultimate actuality.
