پژوهشي در وجوه بياني امثال قرآني

Research on Expressive Aspects in Quranic Examples

امثال و حكم در هر ملّت و زباني نشانۀ غناي فرهنگي آن هاست و عبارتند از جملاتي حكيمانه، ساده و پرمحتوا كه مردم، آن ها را در محاورات خود به كار مي برند . مي توان گفت امثال، خلاصه اي از تجارب و افكار بعضي مردم و يا حكماست كه تأثيراتي بس شگرف در اذهان بشر به جاي مي گذارند. قرآن كريم نيز كه براي هدايت و ارشاد انسان ها نازل شده، به قصد تقريب امور ذهني و غيبي و عقلي به اذهان مردم، از امثال بهره برده است، زيرا استفاده و بكارگيري امثال فهم مسائل مشكل را براي همگان ميسر مي گرداند. همچنين خاطر را لذّت و طبع را مسرّت مي بخشند. در اين مقاله تلاش شده تا به طور اخص، وجوه بياني امثال قرآني بررسي گردد. از جمله نتايج اين بررسي، كثرت وجوه بياني تشبيه و كنايه در امثال مكي نسبت به امثال مدني است، همانگونه كه ديگر وجوه بياني همانند استعاره در امثال مدني بيشتر از امثال مكي مي باشد . اين موارد، معلول علل متعددي مي باشند كه در مقاله حاضر بدان پرداخته خواهد شد.

Words of wisdom and examples among any nations and languages are the signs of their cultural richness. They are wise sentences, simple but rich in content, that people use in their daily conversations. We can state that examples are the concise collections of people's thoughts and experiences that have great effects on human beings. In the same line as Quran has been sent to guide man both in relation to mental, hidden and rationed issues, Quran has gained great benefit from examples. This is because man can solve his problems through using the available examples. Moreover they can create recreation and entertainment in people's lives. In this article, first the short definition of examples has been given then its importance has been emphasized and after that the effort have been made to distinguish and classify between Meccan examples and Medina's ones that can be considered as one of the major classification among issues being classified in Quran. Of course the points that mostly refer to topics and rhetoric have been studied than through tables they have been ontrasted. Among the findings one can refer to the greatness of the numbers of example in Mecca rather than in medina. The second important finding is the more excessive numbers of similes than metaphors. The third important finding is the rhetoric that are certainly the certainly the primary interest in this article.