نظريه نوخاسته گرايي زباني در بوته نقد

A Criticism of the Theory of Language Emergentism

دو مكتب عقل­گرا و تجربه­ گرا درباره منشأ زبان نظر متفاوتي دارند. عقل ­گرايان، زبان به‌معناي قوه و استعداد ذهني آن را فطري انسان مي‌دانند و براي اثبات آن، ادله محكمي اقامه كرده­اند؛ در مقابل، تجربه ­گرايان بر اكتسابي بودن زبان به كمك فرايندها و مكانيسم ­هاي غيرمستقيم تأكيد دارند و زبان را حاصل تجربه و تعامل ذهن با محيط مي­دانند. انديشمندان اسلامي معتقدند امور فطري از ابتداي خلقت به‌صورت بالقوه در درون انسان نهاده شده و رشد و تقويت آن وابسته به عوامل دروني و بيروني متعددي است. با اين معنا از فطرت، استدلال­هاي نوخاسته ­گرايي نقد شده و بيان شده زبان قوه­اي دروني در نوع انسان است كه در يك حركت به فعليت مي­رسد و تحت تأثير عوامل محيطي متفاوت، رشد مي‌كند و دستورات زباني را مي ­سازد.

Empiricism and rationalism have contrasting views about the origin of language. Rationalist believes that language, as a faculty and a mental capacity, is innate in human being and support themselves with a variety of documents. In contrast, empiricists believe that language is acquired a posteriori through indirect processes and mechanisms. They also hold that language emerges as the result of the interaction of human mind with the environment through experience. Islamic thinkers believe that human beings are potentially endowed with natural (innate) capabilities from the very beginning of creation and their growth and their appearance depends on a variety of internal and external factors. Taking this definition of nativism into account, the proofs on which language Emergentism relies is criticized and it is concluded that language is an internal faculty of human being which surfaces as a result of a movement and grows under the effect of environmental exposure and becomes sophisticated in rules of grammar.