كليدواژه :
اسفناج , ورمي كمپوست , كادميوم , اندام هوايي , وزن خشك
چكيده فارسي :
كادميوم يكي از خطرناك‌ترين فلزات سنگين است كه از طريق تنش اكسيداتيو باعث اختلال در فرايند‌هاي گياهي و بر هم خوردن تعادل عناصر غذايي در گياه و نهايتا كاهش رشد مي‌شود. ورمي‌كمپوست نيز يكي از منابع مواد آلي است كه نقش مهمي در تغذيه گياه و كاهش قابليت جذب فلزات سنگين از جمله كادميوم در خاك را دارد.
به منظور انجام اين پژوهش، آزمايش در گلخانه تحقيقاتي مركز تحقيقات كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان تهران در سال 1395 به صورت طرح فاكتوريل در قالب طرح كامل تصادفي با شش تيمار و چهار تكرار اجرا شد. فاكتور كادميوم در دو سطح صفر و 20 ميلي‌گرم در كيلوگرم و فاكتور ورمي‌كمپوست در سه سطح صفر، 5 و 10 درصد اختلاط حجمي با خاك در نظر گرفته شد.
نتايج نشان داد كه وزن خشك اندام هوايي، تعداد برگ، ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ و شاخص كلروفيل در اثر مصرف كادميوم كاهش معني‌داري يافتند. سطح برگ بيشترين حساسيت و شاخص كلروفيل، كمترين حساسيت را نسبت به كاربرد كادميوم نشان داد. مصرف ورمي‌كمپوست باعث افزايش معني‌دار وزن خشك اندام هوايي، تعداد برگ، سطح برگ گرديد. همچنين اختلاط ورمي‌كمپوست با خاك، باعث تعديل اثرات منفي كاربرد كادميوم بر تعداد برگ، ارتفاع بوته و سطح برگ اسفناج گرديد و اين صفات را ارتقا داد. كادميوم باعث كاهش رشد اندام هاي مختلف اسفناج شده و از سويي ديگر مصرف ورمي‌كمپوست به دليل اثرات تغذيه‌اي باعث افزايش وزن خشك اندام هوايي گرديد و اثرات سوء كادميوم را تقليل داد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Cadmium is one of the most dangerous heavy metals through oxidative stress
impairs the balance of plant processes and ultimately reduce nutrients in plant growth. On the
other hand, this element is highly toxic for humans and cause liver and kidney diseases.
Vermicompost is a source of organic matter that plays important roles in plant nutrition and
decreases availability of heavy metals including cadmium in soil. The purpose of this study was
to investigate the effects of cadmium and vermicompost on morphological traits of spinach.
Materials and Methods: To study the effects of different levels of cadmium and
vermicompost on some morphological characteristics and nutrients in spinach, a greenhouse
experiment was conducted in the research greenhouse of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Research Center of Tehran province in 1394. The experiment was carried out factorial based
on randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. Cd factor
were two levels, 0 and 20 mg per kg and vermicompost factor were in three levels as mixing
five percent of vermicompost with soil and ten percent of vermicompost with soil. Shoot dry
weight, number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves were statistically
analyzed.
Results and Discussion: The results were showed that dry weight, number of leaves per
plants, plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced by the use of
cadmium. Also, leaf area index and chlorophyll had the most sensitivity and least sensitivity to
cadmium. Data also showed that leaf area and chlorophyll index decreased 58 and 10.6 percent
in compare to control by use in the 20 mg.kg-1 in the soil, respectively. Data also
demonstrated that use of vermicompost increased significantly shoot dry weight, number of
leaves and leaf area. Shoot dry weight increased 49.4 percent in compare to control by mixing
of ten percent of vermicompost with soil. The results also showed that use of vermicompost in
soil, decreased the negative effects of cadmium on some traits of spinach such as leaf number,
plant height and leaf area.
Conclusion: The results were showed that cadmium decreased the growth of the different
organs in the spinach. On the other hand, due to the effects of vermicompost consumption
increased shoot dry weight and nutrient uptake, and reduced the adverse effects of cadmium
