درآمدي بر جامعه شناسي جهانگردي و گردشگري

An Introduction to Sociology of Tourism

جهانگردي و مسافرت، بخشي از زندگي اجتماعي است. جهانگردي نه فقط رفت و آمد افراد و سير و سفر يا مسافرت كاري است، بلكه به مثابه يك پديده اجتماعي مورد بررسي قرار ميگيرد كه به روابط ميان افراد و ارتباطات انساني مربوط است. بايد توجه داشت كه جامعه شناسي جهانگردي قلمروهاي متعددي را بررسي ميكند (براي مثال رفاه و چارچوب زندگي، فرهنگ، ارتباطات، گروه هاي اجتماعي، توسعه، برخورد با جوامع گوناگون). اهميت مطالعه جهانگردي به ميان رشته اي بودن آن برميگردد. هدف مقاله حاضر معرفي اجمالي حوزه تخصصي تازه جامعه شناسي جهانگردي مي باشد. ساختار مقاله حاضر معرفي اجمالي حوزه تخصصي تازه جامعه شناسي جهانگردي مي باشد. ساختار مقاله شامل موارد ذيل است: طرح موضوع، تعريف و اهميت موضوع، تاريخچه پيدايش، رشد و توسعه جامعه شناسي جهانگردي، سابقه و پيشينه پژوهشهاي جهانگردي، مباحث اساسي (انگيزش و ارزش هاي جهانگردي، اثرات سه گانه اجتماعي / اقتصادي و زيست محيطي جهانگردي و هم چنين ايده هاي نوين و جديد) و مباحث روش شناسي پژوهش هاي جامع شناسي جهانگردي با تكيه بر بررسي نگرش هاي اجتماعي جهانگردي.

Tourism is an economic phenomenon with important sociocultural implications that acquired a fundamental significance in the last decades of the twentieth century. Sociology is about people and how we live together in social groups. Its subject matter ranges from the study of close interpersonal interactions to transformations in global economic, political and social systems. Most importantly, sociology helps us to grasp the crucial connections between the interpersonal and the global levels. By engaging with sociological theory, social research methods and social policy we are better able to grasp how technological developments and changing values affect our tourism development as a society. Travel has always been central to human history, but mass tourism and the leisure industry is a more recent development. The rapid growth of tourism has been a mixed bag; while it has been an economic boom and encouraged certain types of cultural preservation, it has also brought negative effects, promoting dependency, environmental degradation, and commodification of cultures. This paper will explore tourism not only as an important human activity and industry, but also as a means .to understand of the complex relationship between sociology and tourism. It examines globalisation, global culture and the development of global tourism from a sociological point of view. (Abstract is written by Zargham, Ph.D.)