كليدواژه :
آيه مباهله , امامت , علي (ع) , اهل سنت , شيعه
چكيده فارسي :
آيه شصت و يكم سوره آل‌عمران كه در جريان مباهله پيامبر با مسيحيان نجران نازل شده و مشهور به آيه «مباهله» است، از روشن‌‌ترين دلايل قرآني بر فضيلت اهل بيت عصمت و به ويژه امير مؤمنان (ع) است. در اين آيه آمده است: «... فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْاْ نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَ أَبْنَاءَكمُْ وَ نِسَاءَنَا وَ نِسَاءَكُمْ وَ أَنفُسَنَا وَ أَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتهَِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلىَ الْكَذِبِين». علماي شيعه، به اتفاق، با استناد به قرائن درون‌متني و برون‌متني مصداق «انفسنا» را علي (ع) به تنهايي يا محمد (ص) و علي (ع) مي‌دانند. اما دانشمندان سني در اين باره اختلاف نظر دارند. بخش اعظم آنها با توجه به روايات مربوط به شأن نزول آيه هماهنگ با دانشمندان شيعه، مصداق آن را علي (ع) به تنهايي يا پيامبر (ص) و علي (ع) شمرده‌اند. شيعيان به موجب اين آيه علي (ع) را برترين انسان پس از پيامبر اكرم (ص) دانسته و به همين دليل با حضور او احدي را شايسته رهبري امت اسلام نمي‌دانند، همان‌طور كه با حضور شخص پيامبر كسي را شايسته رهبري نمي‌دانند. پاره‌اي از دانشمندان سني با اين استدلال مخالفت كرده و شبهاتي درافكنده‌اند. در اين مقاله اين ديدگاه‌ها به تفصيل طرح شده و پاسخ شبهات مخالفان عرضه شده است
چكيده لاتين :
In the Holy Qur'an, addressing His Messenger, God states: "say," Come! Let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, our souls and your souls, then let us pray earnestly and call down Allah's curse upon the liars." (3:61), this verse, which has been given the name 'Mubahalah', has been sent down in the course of a dispute between the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Christian people of Najran. It has always been, and will continue to be, one of the clearest Qur'anic evidences of the virtues of the Prophet's household (Ahl al-Bayt) and especially Ali (PBUH). On the strength of the content of the verse and trusted historical sources, Shi'a theologians and interpreters and The majority of Sunni scholars have reached a general consensus that in the verse, 'our souls' points to the Prophet and Ali, together or to Ali alone. However, whether Ali alone is the referent or both the Prophet and Ali, it shows his high position with the Prophet and that in the conflict between truth and falsehood, Ali is the complete manifestation of the Prophet. Shi'a theologians use the Verse of Mubahalah to prove Ali's superiority over all except the Prophet. Since the Prophet is God's best creature and Ali, according to the verse is as his soul, then, except for prophethood Ali is similar to the Prophet. As a result, Ali is superior to all except Muhammad himself. Shi'a theologians use this verse to prove Ali's rightfulness for caliphate after the Prophet and believe that choosing others for caliphate while Ali was present was wrong, for God never approves that the superior becomes the follower while the inferior is the leader. Despite believing in Ali's superiority over all or at least over some companions of the Prophet, Sunnis reject Shi'a reasons for Ali's rightfulness for caliphate and try to oppose in different ways. In this article while analyzing the different attitudes towards the verse, we offer replies to the objectors.
