اثر نوع پوشش و روش تميزكردن در كاهش ميزان آلودگي ميوه خرماي مضافتي

Effect of coating and cleaning method in reducing contamination rate of Mazafati date fruit

خرماي مضافتي مهم ترين محصول صادراتي استان كرمان به شمار مي‌آيد. آلودگي خوشه هاي آن در مرحله قبل از برداشت به دليل شرايط آب و هوائي و باد خيزي مناطق رشد آن به گرد وخاك و انتقال اسپور قارچ ها و ديگر عوامل كاهش كيفيت، يكي از مهمترين مشكلات توليد كنندگان است. در اين تحقيق اثر تميز كردن و پوشش دهي خوشه هاي خرما در مرحله خلال جهت كاهش آلودگي و افزايش كيفيت ميوه مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. تيمارهاي تميز كردن شامل هواي تحت فشار با استفاده از فن و محلول اسيد استيك (چهار دهم در صد) بودند. پوشش‌هاي مورد استفاده بر روي خوشه كرباس ، روكش پلي اتيلني و محلول نشاسته 5 درصد حاوي عصاره روغني جوز هندي (4000 پي‌پي‌ام)بودند. اثر تيمارهاي ذكر شده در طي تبديل مرحله خلال به رطب به مدت يك ماه مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. نتايج تجزيه و تحليل آماري داده‌ها نشان داد كه در صدقند، در صد رطوبت وميزانpH در سه نوع پوشش نسبت به نمونه شاهد معني دار بوده است(01/0 p≤). با گذشت زمان، ميزان pH در كليه تيمارها افزايش و ميزان اسيديته به‌طور معني‌داري كاهش يافت. بيشترين ميزان pH مربوط به روكش پلي اتيلن و پوشش دهي با نشاسته بود(13/6).به طور كلي نتايج به دست آمده پوشش نشاسته به همراه عصاره روغني جوز هندي همراه با روكش پلي اتيلني نسبت به بقيه تيمارها در حفظ خواص كمي ، كيفي و ميكروبي برتري دارد و قابل توصيه مي‌باشد.

Mazafati variety is one of the most important export products in Kerman province. Contamination with dirt, because of windy area and Transmission of fungal spores and other factors reducing the quality, are the most important problems to manufacturers. In this study, cleaning and covering of Clusters in the level of Khalaal were evaluated in four ograpHical directions to reduce pollution. Cleaning treatment was applied by pressurized air with a fan and acetic acid (0.4%). Coverings used on clusters were burlap, polyethylene fabric and 5% starch solution with nutmeg oil Hindi (4000 ppm). Effect of treatment was evaluated for a month during step conversion Khalall to Rotab Chemical tests include reducing sugars, total sugars, total soluble solids, Moisture, acidity, pH and Microbial tests including total count and counting microorganisms, mold and yeast. The results of the statistical analysis of data showed that the Brix, moisture content and pH in three types of cover compared to control were significant change (p≤0/01). Over time, the pH increased and acidity decreased in all treatments. The pH in the first week of sampling was 5.62 and in the fourth week were 6.95. During fruit ripening date, firmness also decreased significantly. Results showed that all three treatments with significant differences compared to control are superior in maintaining the properties of quantitative, qualitative and control of microorganisms and Preserved fruits on the tree. Sugar content in plots which were clean with fan was 39.8 that 36% increase compared to the control treatment but in Dates that were cleaned with vinegar 33.7% decreased. Most of PH (6.1) was observed in the polyethylene and starch covering treatments. Soluble solids in polyethylene covering treatment were 34.34. During fruit ripening, firmness also decreased significantly (p≤0/05). Cleaning and covering various treatments significantly decreases microorganisms in date compared to control. The number of microorganisms during the first three weeks of research did not significant increase but in the fourth week significantly increased which in this case also covers treatments and cleaning was superior compared to control (p≤0/01). The results obtained with nutmeg oil Hindi starch coating with polyethylene wrapping treatments than others in maintaining the properties of quantitative, qualitative and microbial recommended excels is the star turn.