تحليل سندي و متني دو روايت «لَا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهْرَ» و «يا دَهرُ أُفّ لَكَ» و حل تعارض آن دو

Documentary and Textual Review of Two Narratives: "Do Not Curse the Time" and "Oh Times, How I Revile Your Friendship" and the Ways to Resolve Their Conflict

روايت «لَا تَسُبُّوا الدَّهْرَ» كه به طرق مختلف از پيامبر گرامي اسلام (ص) نقل شده، به صراحت مخاطبان را از سبّ روزگار برحذر داشته و روايت «يا دَهرُ أُفّ لَكَ مِن خَليل» كه به طرق مختلف از حضرت امام حسين (ع) نقل شده، دلالت دارد بر اين مطلب كه آن حضرت روزگار را أفّ گفته است. در اين‌كه آيا واژۀ أفّ از واژگان سبّ به شمار مي‌آيد يا خير؟ اختلاف است، در صورتي كه واژۀ مذكور از واژگان سبّ به شمار آيد، ميان دو روايت ياد شده؛ تعارض ايجاد مي‌شود. دانشمندان علم حديث سه راه‌حلّ توقف، تساقط و جمع بين روايات را از راه‌حل‌هاي تعارض برشمرده‌اند. نگارنده تحقيق پيش‌رو با استفاده از روش توصيفي– تحليلي، ضمن بررسي سندي و متني دو روايت مذكور، بر اساس قاعده «الجمعُ مَهما اَمكَن اُوليَ مِن التَرك»، راه‌حلّ جمع بين دو روايت را انتخاب كرده و به اين نتيجه دست يافته است كه واژة أُفّ از مصاديق سبّ به شمار نمي‌آيد و افزون بر آن، اطلاق واژة «دهر» بر لفظ جلالة «الله» در همه موارد استعمال؛ نيازمند ادلّه و قرائن قطعي است.

The narrative "Do not curse the time" which has been quoted from the holy Prophet by many narrators clearly forbids followers from cursing the time. However, the narrative "Oh Times, How I Revile Your Friendship" quoted from Imam Hossein by different narrators implies that his excellency has cursed the age. There is conflict about that implication among interpreters since some believe that the term "revile" (اف) is not synonymous with the term "curse" (سب) while some others hold that the two words mean the same thing. Experts on Hadith (Islamic narrations and quotations) have proposed three principles of suspension, discard and consensus as possible ways to resolve conflicts. The author of the present study used a descriptive-analytical method to review the documents related to the quotations in question as well as their texts. According to the principle that states "customary consensus is prior to setting aside either side in case of a conflict between two texts", the author selected consensus as a solution to resolve the conflict and came to the conclusion that the term "revile" cannot be considered as an instance of "curse". In addition, the use of the term "age" (دهر) as synonymous with the glorious name of the Lord in all cases requires definitive proof and evidence.