كليدواژه :
اهداف مجازات , بازدارندگى , پيش گيرى , اصالت فايده , عصر روشنگرى
چكيده فارسي :
تبارشناسي تاريخي نشان مي دهد كه اهدافي چون سزاگرايي، بازدارندگي،
بازپروري، موازنه ي عدالت جمعي، تعليم اخلاقي و ناتوان سازي بزهكار در
چرخش هايي پارادايمي و به ظاهر نامنظم، به عنوان هدف اصليِ مجازات انتخاب
شده است. غالب پژوهش هاي موجود، به اين پرسش پاسخ نداده اند كه تطور اهداف
مجازات در طول تاريخ غرب تحت تأثير چه فاكتورهاي معرفتي و غيرمعرفتي
متحول شده است. اين نوشتار با اتخاذ روش توصيفي-تحليلي نشان مي دهد كه
تحولات پارادايمي اهداف مجازات در طول تاريخ، تابع محض جريانات فكري نبوده
است؛ بلكه تبلوري از تقابل و تعامل فاكتورهاي معرفتي، عوامل غير معرفتي و
شاخصه هاي اجتماعي تمدن است كه در مدلي ساختاري بر هم تأثير مي گذارند.
مبتني بر چنين فرضي، نوشتار حاضر، ضمن تحليل تاثير جريانات معرفتى و فلسفى
بر هدف گذاري نهاد مجازات، چگونگي تاثيرگذاري الگوهاي رفتاريِ فاكتورهاي
اجتماعي مانند قدرت سياسي و اقتصاد را نيز مورد بررسي قرار مى دهد
چكيده لاتين :
Historical approach to the pattern of penal policy making reveals that purposes of punishment have been changed through the time in diverse major legal systems. There is a popular misconception which considers developments of purposes of punishment, including but not limited to retributivism, deterrence, rehabilitation, balance theory, distributive justice, moral education, incapacitation and so on, as an irregular-periodic change. Most of contemporary literature have not answered what ideological and non-ideological, social, factors have been leading to these developments of purposes of punishment in west. The study of underlying causes of this phenomenon is a controversial intricate issue and variety of arguments for and against it will not vanish anytime soon, however; the author is on the conviction that mentioned developments are not results of exclusive influence of intellectual movements of diverse schools of thought. To elucidate on, fundamental transformation of purposes of punishment are products of the constant battle waged between ideological factors and non-ideological ones. With respect to this principle presumption, this paper, by taking analytical-descriptive approach, not only illustrate how intellectual movements, from traditional retributivism to modern utilitarianism and even Christian philosophy, can influence purposes of punishment, but also explores the influence of behavioral patterns of social factors such as politics and political economy on purposes of punishment.
