بررسي تاثير انگيزه بر ماهيت جرم قتل و مجازات آن در حقوق ايران ( با نگاهي به حقوق سويس و آلمان)

Investigating The Impact of Motive on the Nature of the Crime of Murder and Its Punishment in Iran’s Laws (With a Glance at Swiss and Germany’s Laws)

برخي اشخاص با انگيزه نيك مرتكب قتل مي شوند مانند كساني كه بيماران صعب العلاج را به انگيزه رهايي از درد و رنج به قتل مي رسانند. اما سوالي كه مطرح مي شود اين است كه وجود انگيزه نيك مذكور چه تاثيري در مسئوليت كيفري آنها دارد. آيا در ماهيت جرم قتل و مجازات آن موثراست يا خير؟ نتيجه پژوهش حاضر بيانگر اين است كه در حقوق كيفري ايران به تأسي از فقه اسلام انگيزه در ماهيت جرم قتل بي تاثير است. لذا شخصي كه با انگيزه شرورانه مرتكب قتل مي شود با شخص كه با انگيزه نيك مانند رهايي بيمار از درد و رنج مرتكب قتل مي گردد مسئوليت كيفري يكسان داشته و هر دو به اتهام قتل عمد مستوجب قصاص مي باشند. برخلاف حقوق ايران، درحقوق كيفري آلمان و سويس ، قانونگذار انگيزه را در ماهيت جرم قتل موثر مي داند و وجود انگيزه نيك را باعث تغيير ماهيت قتل از عمد به غير عمد دانسته در نتيجه از موجبات تخفيف مجازات قتل مي داند.

In the recent century, one of the issues that has carried legal, medical, ethical and religious challenges is killing incurable patients in order to remove pain and misery from them. This kind of murder called euthanasia has been decriminalized in such countries as Netherland, Belgium and Luxemburg. (Besami 1396,88). In some other countries, legislators have maintained criminal statement on this kind of murder but due to good-will motive, its perpetrators face court leniency. In regards to this issue in this research, we intend to investigate the impact of motive on the nature of the crime of murder in Iran, Swiss and Germany’s criminal laws. Therefore; the question to be posed is that in Iran, Swiss and Germany’s criminal laws, what effects does good-will motive have in the nature of the crime of murder and the punishment of its perpetrators? The present research has been carried out using a descriptive method and its data have been collected using library method. The contents of the research have been edited in four parts. In the first part, we have addressed mentioning the concepts and principles of the research. In the second part, the impact of motive on the nature of the crime of murder in Iran’s Laws has been investigated. In the third and fourth parts, the impact of motive on the nature of the crime of murder in Swiss and Germany’s Laws has been discussed respectively. At the end, a conclusion has been presented.