شناسائي چالش هاي ازدواج معلولين جسمي- حركتي شهر تهران: يك مطالعه پديدارشناسي

Identifying the challenges Marriage of Person with Physical-Motor Disabilities in Tehran: A phenomenological study

مقدمه: يكي از چالش هايي كه معلولين جسمي- حركتي با آن مواجه­ اند ازدواج است. چرا كه با ازدواج علاوه بر اين كه افراد با مشكلات جديدي مواجه مي شوند ولي به لحاظ رواني مي توانند به آرامش رسيده و در زندگي احساس آرامش و خوشبختي كنند، لذا هدف از انجام اين پژوهش بررسي چالش­هاي ازدواج معلوين جسمي- حركتي شهر تهران بود. روش‌ كار: روش تحقيق بر اساس ماهيت داده كيفي از نوع پديدارشناسي توصيفي، بر اساس هدف از نوع كاربردي و بر اساس نحوه گردآوري اطلاعات، توصيفي از نوع مصاحبه نيمه ساختارمند بود. مشاركت كنندگان اين پژوهش را معلولين جسمي - حركتي مراكز بهزيستي شهر تهران تشكيل مي داد كه از بين آنها 20 نفر به صورت هدفمند براي مصاحبه انتخاب شدند. روش تجزيه و تحليل بر اساس تحليل هفت مرحله اي كلايزي بود. يافته‌ها: نتايج بررسي­ ها نشان داد كه، چالش­هاي ازدواج معلولين جسمي - حركتي را مي­توان در چهار طبقه اصلي شامل احساسات و نگرشهاي منفي پيرامون ازدواج، دغدغه ها و فشارهاي خانواده، استيگما اجتماعي و عدم پذيرش جامعه و عدم كفايت منابع حمايتي و اشتغال سفيد طبقه بندي كرد. نتيجه‌گيري: توجه به چالشهاي ازداواج معلولين از سوي متخصصان مشاوره توانبخشي ضروري به نظر مي رسد. چالش هايي كه بخشي از آنها ريشه در مشكلات روان شناختي و احساسي فرد معلول دارد و بخش ديگر مربوط به شرايط اجتماعي و حمايتي معلول است. به نظر مي رسد كه، مداخله هاي روان شناختي بايد در جهت بعد فردي –اجتماعي براي كم كردن چالش هاي ازدواج اين افراد انجام بگيرد. همچنين، در بعد اجتماعي، جامعه نيازمند آگاهي و آماده سازي محيط براي پذيرش ازدواج معلولين است.

Introduction: One of the challenges faced by Physical-motorized disabilities is marriage. Because with marriage, in addition to being faced with new problems, they can be mentally restored and feel relaxed and happy in life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the challenges of physical and motorretardation marriage in Tehran. Methods: The method of research was based on the nature of data of qualitative type, based on the purpose of the applied type and based on the method of data collection; a descriptive type of interview was semistructured. Participants of this study were physically-handicapped persons of Tehran's well-being centers, of which 20 were targeted for interview. The analysis method was based on a seven-step Colaizzi analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that four main categories were stem from the result. They were including; psychological-emotional problems, Family issue, Stigma and unaccepted by society, the lack of supportive resources and low income jobs. Conclusions: According to the findings of research it seems that counseling and rehabilitation professionals might be more attention to psycho-social challenges that disabled people faced them for marriage. The challenges were divided to sections. First section was psychological-emotional problems like; sense of useless and low self-confidence and the second section return to the view of family and society. In addition, the dependence to family, low income jobs and the negative perspective to marriage of disabled persons were mentioned. Psychological and educational interventions to reducing the psychological problems are necessary. In addition, the family education program and awareness programs for society are useful for overcoming the marriage obstacles in disabled persons.